高速磁浮铁路轨道梁振动分析及控制研究

磁浮车辆系统动力学的研究 ,直接影响到磁浮列车安全行车、运行平稳性、线路设计及系统造价。以德国Transrapid高速磁浮铁路系统为基础 ,笔者采用动力有限元和耦合振动理论 ,建立了高速磁浮车辆 -轨道梁动力学模型 ,通过仿真计算后 ,得到了系统动力响应特征 ,为磁浮车辆平稳运行及高架线路优化设计 ,提供了理论依据。在此基础上 ,为保证运行安全 ,又对轨道梁设计提出了建议并给出了降低振动的措施。     

Magnetic particle technology in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation

The use of magnetic particles in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation is currently under investigation at Victoria University, in collaboration with the Phillip Island Research Centre, Victoria, Australia. Iron powder has been shown to be very effective for the magnetic cleansing of feathers and plumage and is almost ideal for this purpose, being non-toxic, a non-irritant and recyclable. Detailed investigations have demonstrated that by varying particle size, particle structure and surface texture, the efficacy of oil removal from feathers and plumage can be successfully manipulated. In this regard, it is possible to identify a grade of iron powder whereby, within experimental error, effectively 100% removal of a variety of fresh contaminants from different matrices, including feathers, can be achieved. Our investigations have been extended to the application of such particles to the successful removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination. The results of these investigations have indicated that, for such contaminants, removals ranging from 97–99% may be achieved. Magnetic particle technology may also be adapted for the screening of pre-conditioning agents that can further assist in the removal of tarry and weathered/tarry contamination from feathers. These investigations suggest that magnetic particles could have an important role to play in environmental remediation and wildlife rehabilitation as a clean and effective technology.     

Magnetic composite prepared from palm shell-based carbon and application for recovery of residual oil from POME

Magnetic separation combined with adsorption by activated carbon has been found to be a useful method for removing pollutants. In this paper, the use of palm shell as a source of activated carbon for the removal and recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is studied. In the first part of the study, the properties of samples of activated carbon prepared from palm shell under a variety of different conditions were characterized for their hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore size distribution. The most effective of the activated carbon samples was prepared by impregnation with ZnCl(2) followed by combined physical/chemical activation under carbon dioxide flow at 800 °C. Four grams of these samples adsorbed 90% of the oil from 50 mL POME. In the second part, the palm shell-based carbon samples were given magnetic properties by the technique of iron oxide deposition. Ninety-four percent of the activated carbon/iron oxide composite containing the adsorbed oil could be extracted from the POME by a magnetic bar of 0.15 T. Four grams of the composite can remove 85% of oil from 50 mL POME and a total of 67% of the initial oil can then be recovered by hexane extraction. Powder X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of magnetite and maghemite in the activated carbon/iron oxide composite.     

Clearance and recovery of Cd(II) from aqueous solution by magnetic separation technology

An effective method to actualize the recycling use of Cd(II) in industrial wastewater was developed by using the magnetic beads, which was modified with ethylenediamine. When the industrial wastewater was treated with these magnetic beads, the Cd(II) concentration in the solution was sharply reduced to the governmental standard (0.1 μg mL⁻¹) of China. Based on the monolayer adsorption of Cd(II) on the surface of these magnetic beads, the saturation capacity for Cd(II) reached to 68 mg g⁻¹ dried magnetic beads. On the other hand, the binding Cd(II) could be easily recovered in acid conditions and the recovery efficiency exceeded 99%. Thus, in the process of the wastewater purification, the recycling utilization of Cd(II) was realized. Additionally, the excellent capability of regeneration and recycling utilization of these magnetic beads made this technology much suitable for the large-scale application. Compared with the conventional purification methods, the rapid process, simple equipments, easy operation and high efficiency, brought this technology with great potentialities in the treatment of industrial wastewater.     

Mg/Al水滑石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附动力学和热力学

研究了Mg／A1水滑石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2一乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DnOP）的吸附动力学和热力学特性。结果表明,在所研究的浓度范围内,3种邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附动力学曲线均符合准二级速率方程,DMP、DEHP和DnOP分别在600、200和200min基本达到吸附平衡;3种邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附等温线基本符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程;在283～308K范围,pH=6．36,3种邻苯二甲酸酯初始浓度均为50μg／L时,吸附过程△H为负值且绝对值为5～12kJ／mol,表明吸附为放热过程,以表面物理吸附为主,邻苯二甲酸酯在Mg／Al水滑石上的吸附是色散力、诱导力、取向力和氢键力等多种作用力协同作用的结果。     

Trigger points and systemic effect for EMF therapy

The use of magnetic fields (MFs), in general, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs), in specific, as therapeutic modalities is becoming very common. In the USA, EMFs are mostly used in orthopedics, followed by pain relief and the wound-healing arena. Even though a substantial literature exists worldwide, we are still lacking the accepted comprehensive mechanism(s) of action. In general, it is thought that the best therapeutic effects are achieved when the stimulation is applied directly to the target area. Since the beginning of this century, however, more and more evidence has been collected indicating that effects of the MF stimulation may also be observed at site(s) different from the site of application of the signal. A primary purpose of this paper is to propose a link between the systemic and direct effects. The functional units known as trigger points are discussed as possible “doors” allowing the stimulation to be delivered to the target tissue/organ. A second purpose is to suggest some possible modes of action.     

Mg/Al/Fe复合氧化物吸附去除水体中氟化物的研究

采用水热法合成了不同铁掺杂量的Mg/Al/Fe型类水滑石(MAF),根据X射线衍射(XRD)的测定结果,铁存在一个最佳投加量,铁的掺杂量过大则会导致水滑石的层状结构被破坏。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面分析仪(BET)研究了MAF焙烧后的复合金属氧化物(CMAF)的结构和性能,并考察了CMAF对水中氟离子的吸附性能。与CMA相比(铁掺杂量为零),CMAF对氟离子的吸附去除效率明显提高(最大吸附容量75.2 mg/g),整个吸附过程可以用Langmuir吸附等温线更好地描述。通过XRD测定和晶格参数计算,CMAF的结构由吸附前的复合氧化物恢复到层状水滑石结构,表明氟离子在水滑石重构过程中作为层间阴离子进入到水滑石内部,从而达到较高的除氟效率。     

粘土矿物材料吸附去除水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯

研究了天然沸石、2种有机改性沸石及Mg/Al水滑石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的等温吸附情况和吸附机理,并与活性炭的吸附性能进行了比较。结果表明,Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程均可以很好地描述天然沸石和Mg/Al水滑石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附,2种有机改性沸石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附更符合Linear吸附等温方程。与活性炭相比,天然沸石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附效果较差;2种有机改性沸石和Mg/Al水滑石对分子尺寸较小的邻苯二甲酸酯物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除率较低,分别低31.8%、31.4%和19.8%,但对分子较大的邻苯二甲酸酯物质邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的去除效果相差不大。     

Hydrotalcites and organo‐hydrotalcites as sorbents for removing pesticides from water

Abstract

This paper reports on the adsorption of different organic pesticides by hydrotalcite, hydrotalcite heated to 500°C and organo‐hydrotalcite in aqueous medium by employing adsorption isotherms, and using X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results suggest that the adsorption capacity of the different materials depends on their nature as well as on the structure, polarity and hydrophobic or anionic nature of the pesticides. The results also show that hydrotalcite, both natural and after calcination at 500°C, is not a good sorbent of hydrophobic pesticides. The data demonstrated that both types of hydrotalcite, however, are very good sorbents of glyphosphate. Furthermore, the organo‐hydrotalcites may be as good sorbents as organo‐montmorillonites for hydrophobic pesticides.     

Role of Chinese wind-blown dust in enhancing environmental pollution in Metropolitan Seoul

A suite of rock magnetic experiments and intensive microscopic observations were carried out on Asian dust deposits in Seoul, Korea, collected on 19 and 23 March 2002, 9 April 2002 and 12 April 2003. Desert-sand and loess from the dust source regions in China were also analyzed as a comparison. Asian dust showed a higher magnetic concentration than the source region samples, indicating a significant influx of magnetic particles into Asian dust had occurred during its transportation. Electron microscopy identified carbon-bearing iron-oxides as the added material. These iron-oxides were likely to have been produced by anthropogenic pollution (fossil fuel combustion) while the wind-blown dusts passing across the industrial areas of eastern China and western Korea. Such wind-paths were confirmed by a simulation of the air-mass trajectories. The magnetic technique appears to be useful for determining the anthropogenic pollution of Asian dust.