Structural path analysis of ecosystem networks

This paper explains the application of structural path analysis (SPA), an input–output-based technique for measuring flows in ecological and linked ecological–economic networks. Previous methods of input–output flow analysis have concluded with aggregate indexes relying on the summing feature of the Leontief inverse in order to completely account for throughflows along a multitude of inter-compartmental paths. This paper shows that for most linear dissipative networks, a manageable number of paths of limited length exist that cover in the order of 99% or more of total throughflow. These paths can be conveniently extracted, enumerated and ranked using SPA.     

ICP-MS法对国标小麦粉中15种稀土元素的定值研究

本文报道采用HNO_3+HClO_4溶样,小麦粉标样GBW 08503中15种超痕量稀土元素定值的ICP-MS应用研究.选择了仪器最佳操作参数.选用Re作内标可补偿基体效应.方法检出限为0.007—0.026ng·ml~(-1)加标回收率为95—103%.RSD为2.5—48%,方法快速、灵敏、准确.     

Retention of trace elements in coal-fired flue gas by a novel heterogeneous agglomeration technology

Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m³/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite differen...     

模拟酸雨下土壤中稀土元素的环境化学行为和植物可利用性研究

研究了模拟酸雨对两种土壤中稀土元素的环境化学行为和植物可利用性的影响．结果表明，酸雨的酸度及淋洗量皆对稀土元素的淋溶产生影响，酸雨淋洗使土壤中稀土元素的形态含量发生了改变．由回归分析得知，有效态稀土的主要存在形态是交换态和松结有机态，实验表明，稀土的植物可利用性随模拟酸雨淋洗液的酸度增大而减小．     

大连湾、星海湾海域贻贝、海带、裙带菜体内25种元素含量的分析探讨

本文用ＩＣｐ─ＡＥＳ法对大连湾和星海湾海域人工养殖的贻贝、海带和裙带菜体的２５种元素的含量进行了测定。比较了三种海产品中有益于人体的必须元素和有害元素含量，对产生的原因进行了初步探讨。     

南京冬季一次强浓雾及超细粒子累积过程分析

课题组于2017年冬季在南京北郊开展了为期45d的雾/霾外场综合观测，并选取12月30~31日一次平流辐射雾过程，分析了气象要素、雾和气溶胶的宏微观特征.结果表明：冷平流与夜间辐射冷却造成的持续性降温为此次雾发展的主要原因，而短波辐射增强则为雾消散的主导因子；此次雾过程存在爆发性增长的特征，表现为17min内含水量的量级由10-4g/m³增加至10-1g/m³，其中雾滴数浓度的增加对其贡献率可达67%；强浓雾微物理量的时间变率波动性强，雾的水平分布存在显著的不均匀性特征；日出后的强浓雾阶段中存在纳米级气溶胶累积现象，空气动力学直径在10~50nm气溶胶的数浓度增加率可达2817cm^-3/h，从二次气溶胶生成（SO₂的气-粒及气-液转化过程）、输送（人为活动造成的气溶胶累积及雾中垂直向湍流的输送）等方面探讨现象出现的原因.     

Use of trace element analysis of feathers as a tool to track fine-scale dispersal in birds

Tracking dispersal and migratory movements of animals over small and large spatial scales is a challenge. In birds, a promising yet underutilized tool is the trace elemental composition of feathers. The elemental profile of a feather may reveal information about the geographic origin of a bird provided that molting occurs on the breeding grounds and that elemental differences exist between breeding areas. Here, we explore the use of trace elemental composition in body feathers of the Puget Sound white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys pugetensis as a tool (1) to discriminate among birds collected in four different song dialect populations along a 400-km stretch of the Pacific Northwest coast and (2) to assign males singing nonlocal dialects in one population to potential natal populations. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detected 34 trace elements in sampled feathers and in a discriminant function analysis seven of these elements differed among the four source populations. Half of the six nonlocal dialect singers, who were likely to have immigrated into the focal population, were assigned to a population that matched their song dialect. Our study suggests that feather microchemistry is a promising tool for identifying geographic origins of dispersing birds over small geographic scales and in combination with other markers, such as song, may give insight into ecological and evolutionary processes.     

煤添加高岭土燃烧控制有害微量元素的排放

通过在一维煤粉燃烧炉上进行无烟煤添加高岭土吸附剂的燃烧实验,研究了无烟煤及其燃烧产物中18种环境有害微量元素的含量和分布;计算了高岭土在不同燃烧工况条件下对每种环境有害微量元素的吸附率.结果表明,高岭土对环境有害微量元素Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ba, Co, Be, Cr, Ni, Mo, Tl, V, U, Mn, Th具有不同的吸附作用,吸附率为11.6%～500%;吸附效率与元素种类、燃烧工况等因素有关,环境有害微量元素Cd, Pb, Zn, Sb, Ba, Co, Be, Cr, Ni, Mo, Tl, V, U, Mn, Th的吸附能力,分级燃烧比不分级燃烧吸附效果更好,总吸附率差为8.4%～481%.     

ISO14000国际环境管理标准的认证策略

在分析ISO14000想要达到的目的以及ISO14000系列标准基本构成的基础上,对组织是否要申请ISO14000认证,以及什么时候申请ISO14001认证的策略作一讨论。     

Microwave-assisted acid extraction of the major metal elements in herbal extracts followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) determination

The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn was determined in Rosa damascena, Vitis vinifera, Crocus sativus, and Olea europaea L. herbal extracts produced in different areas in Greece. Samples were mineralized in a closed microwave system using nitric acid, and the concentration of all metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The herbal extracts contained As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, and Pb at concentrations below their respective limits of detection, whereas Cu, Fe, Mg, and Zn were determined in varying quantities. The proposed method is precise and accurate, thus it can be used for the determination of metals in Rosa damascena, Vitis vinifera, Crocus sativus, and Olea europaea L. herbal extracts.