城市污泥处理处置及综合利用研究现状与建议

概述了当前国内外城市污泥处理处置及综合利用的各种方法，分析了今后污泥综合利用研究的发展趋势。指出我国城市污泥综合利用研究存在的问题。并就我国污泥处理处置和综合利用提出了相关建议。     

Heavy metal monitoring of marine algae from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1998-2000

Concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in macroalgae samples collected from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea. Certain algae species were chosen among the green, brown and red algae species at Sile and Sinop sampling stations from 1998 to 2000. In general, as regards the influence of the collection sites on the whole metal accumulation, Sinop is considered to be more polluted than Sile. The concentrations of the heavy metals in Cystoseira barbata algae are compared with previous studies in the same stations. The results showed that all metal levels have gradually decreased during past years. At the same time, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb levels in the present study are lower than in Bosphorus and Marmara Sea algae. However, Mn and Zn concentrations are higher than Bosphorus but lower than at Marmara. According to these findings the heavy metal pollution decreased in Turkish Coast of the Black Sea during the years investigated.     

重金属的生物吸附技术研究

利用生物包括发酵工业的菌丝体废渣或海洋微生物对重金属的吸附作用，来治理重金属造成的污染，其具有原料丰富，成本低，处理效率高等优点，是目前国外研究较多的一种处理重金属污染的方法。本文从生物吸附的概念、机理、吸附剂的性能，以及生物吸附剂的固定化等诸方面进行了综述。同时阐述了生物对重金属吸附技术研究的发展趋势和应用前景。     

洗车废水处理技术现状与展望

洗车废水中含有泥砂、油乳化液、有机物及洗涤剂类污染物质。在分析中 ,对洗车废水的水质进行了分类 ,并针对不同的水质 ,对国内的大型洗车场的处理工艺和小型洗车行的洗车废水回用工艺进行了介绍和分析 ,对国外采用膜工艺处理洗车废水的相关研究也进行了简要的介绍 ,同时提出了洗车废水的污泥处理问题。从社会、经济效益来看 ,洗车废水回用是必然趋势。现行的洗车废水回用处理工艺回用率低、处理效果不理想 ,采用高效、简单、实用、经济的原则进行设计 ,满足社会对洗车水回用的需求是未来洗车废水处理技术发展的要求     

石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水工艺设计

采用石灰-铁盐法处理镍、钼深加工含镍、砷废水,工程运行结果表明,出水能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中一级排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,占地面积小,便于管理的优点。     

稀土湿法冶炼废水处理与资源回收研究

对某稀土湿法冶炼工艺进行了以清洁生产为核心的技改方案研究。在清洁工艺设计的基础上,通过工艺原理分析和试验,说明其革新工艺的经济有效性;从酸浸废液中年回收硫酸亚铁3000 t;从碱转废液中年回收硫酸钠3000 t;从废水中回收冰晶石,氟回收率86%;生产废水排放量削减58%;废水泥量削减90%;直接经济效益年150万元以上;排水中F-和含盐量均可达到排放标准要求。     

水泥立窑湿法收尘技术研究的新进展

水泥立窑烟气由于其工况波动大、高温、高湿和高粘性等特点,处理起来难度较大。普通的喷雾技术不能确保达标排放。针对目前徐州地区及全国处理立窑粉尘的现状,有针对性地研究了惯性除尘及文丘里、水浴和塔技术。经过初步实践,某水泥立窑粉尘经三级处理后,排放的粉尘浓度低于150mg／m^3,除尘效率达到98％以上,基本达到环保排放标准;无二次污染,该系统处理排放出的泥浆全部回收用于生产,系统用水可循环使用。为水泥立窑粉尘的治理及研究提供了借鉴。     

中国村镇生活垃圾特性及处理现状

为了系统充分了解现阶段我国村镇生活垃圾特性、处理模式及方式,概述了全国各区域村镇生活垃圾特征,介绍了村镇生活垃圾的处理现状,包括收运、分类回收、处理模式以及处置方式.以青岛农村地区为例,分析了垃圾产量主要相关因素影响程度大小,并预测了垃圾产量.可为各地村镇生活垃圾的特性分析及处理方式选用提供一定的支撑.     

Characterization and acid-mobilization study for typical iron-bearing clay mineral

In this study, iron speciation in five standard clay samples was characterized. Iron mobilization from these clays was then measured in acidic media. For comparison, a commercially available Arizona test dust (ATD) was also observed. The results showed that the free-Fe contents of clays were commonly lower than that of dust aerosols. The components of clays were dominant by the structural Fe held in the aluminosilicate lattice. The iron solubility of the clays were in the order of KGa-2?>?SWy-2?>?CCa-2?>?IMt-2?>?NAu-2. Based upon the Mössbauer spectrum and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the Fe(II) fraction and the Fe/Si ratio of clay particles changed after dissolution, suggesting the total Fe solubility depended on the Fe atom states existing within the aluminosilicate lattice. The Fe in KGa-2 and SWy-2 was most likely substituted for alkaline elements as the interlayer ions held by ionic bonds in the aluminosilicate, which are more liable to dissolution. However, the Fe in NAu-2 was more likely to be bound by strong covalent bonds in aluminosilicate mineral, which is less soluble. The much highly soluble Fe in ATD was not only linked to the dissolution of an appreciable fraction of Fe(II), but also could be attributed to the fact that the Fe bonds in the clay fraction of ATD were mainly present as ionic bonds. The TEM images showed that reacted clay particles displayed less aggregate particles, with nanoparticle aggregates and the Fe/S-rich tiny particles attached to the remains.     

广西某赤泥堆场周边土壤重金属污染风险

为考察广西典型赤泥堆场周边农田土壤重金属污染环境风险,采集194个表层土壤样品,运用内梅罗综合指数法、Harkanson潜在生态危害指数法分析重金属污染状况,利用空间插值法、主成分分析法等对8种重金属元素进行源解析.结果表明,除V、Cu,其他元素的平均含量均超过广西区背景值,Cr、Ni、Zn、As、Pb、Co平均含量超过广西区土壤背景值倍数,分别为1.69、1.35、2.45、11.83、4.17、1.95,其中As为首要污染物;农田土壤呈现出"中度"生态风险,As的贡献率高达68%.8种重金属空间分布特征整体有一定相似之处,均在赤泥库东北方向和西南方向浓度较高,而在东南方向整体浓度较低,并非下风向的西北方向,仅Cr在西北角出现明显富集,可能受到赤泥库影响.农田重金属污染源不同,As污染主要受人为因素影响,V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co主要受到自然成土母质的影响,Cr同时受到成土母质和人为因素的影响.