基于熵值法的城镇污水处理厂污泥处置方案选择研究

随着城镇污水处理厂数量不断增加,污泥问题越来越严重,污泥处置不当会造成严重的二次环境污染.论文首先对污泥处置技术及其投资运行成本进行简要分析;然后建立城镇污水处理厂污泥处置评估技术指标体系,以天津市为例,采用熵值法计算各评估技术指标的权重,对土地利用、填埋、焚烧及建材利用4种污泥处置方案进行了综合评价,结合天津市的实际情况,结果表明以土地利用为最佳处置方案.     

台州市工业危险固废产生及处置情况和对策研究

文章分析了2014年台州市工业危险固废产生情况,介绍了该市现有危险固废处理设施的区域分布情况,同时对主要行业危险固废处理能力进行调查和分析.文章指出现有工业危险固废存在回收体系不完善、处置能力不均衡、二次污染问题日益突出、环境监管能力薄弱等问题,并针对性地提出增强人们环保意识和观念、完善环境保护相关法律法规、加大基础环保设施的投入、进一步加强管理能力、探索和创新更好的处理方式、引进国内外先进的处理方法等解决措施,以期科学合理处置工业危险固废.     

地质处置EDZ的演化过程研究

中国拟采用地质处置的方式处理高放废物.高放废物处置库采用"多重屏障"单元概念设计,此处置方案实施过程中不可避免地对于处置岩层产生了扰动或损伤.该区域作为工程屏障的一部分,对处置库安全评价具有重要意义.通过对国际上EDZ研究工作的调研,归纳了EDZ演化工程以及模拟工作,提出了EDZ研究过程中需要关注的方面.EDZ研究需要关注EDZ的结构和水流的各向异性特征,EDZ密封有效性以及密封材料与围岩界面反应机理以及EDZ的综合评价方法.     

城市生活垃圾处理方式的对比研究

城市生活垃圾的量越来越大,生活垃圾具备较大的开发潜质、是"放错地方的资源",有效加以利用产生的价值十分可观,若处理不当则通过不同途径危害人体健康.为达到生活垃圾无害化、减量化和资源化的处理目标,中国垃圾的处理能力和水平必须提高,选择合适的处理工艺就变的得十分重要.针对生活垃圾处理的填埋法、焚烧法和堆肥法的优缺点进行了充分比较,不仅仅要关注垃圾处理技术,还要充分考虑各种影响因素,诸如垃圾成分、垃圾分类程度等,综合考虑各方面因素后确定相关技术,生活垃圾有望进行合理的处理.     

四川省新型干法水泥行业发展概况及其环境问题分析

本文简述了四川省“十一五”期间新型干法水泥工业发展概况和取得的环境效益,分析了新型干法水泥工业发展中面临的环境问题,提出利用新型干法水泥回转窑处理有机废物和危险废物是今后水泥行业可持续发展的一个重要方向。     

The consequences of backcountry surface disposal of human waste in an alpine, temperate forest and arid environment

Surface disposal of human waste by the smear method, a suggested but heretofore unexamined technique, was tested in three environments and examined for reductions in fecal mass and fecal indicator bacteria. Substantial reduction in fecal mass was observed after six and fourteen weeks of exposure in all environments, but extensive reduction in fecal indicator bacteria was observed in only the arid and alpine environments. Although surface smears appear favorable to cathole techniques in terms of indicator bacteria reduction, the application of this method is limited by several other factors common to backcountry sanitation situations. It is therefore likely that surface disposal would only be applicable in very remote, low use, alpine and arid settings where lack of soil development precludes the use of catholes and carry-out techniques are otherwise impractical.     

溢油污染处置技术现状分析

大规模的海洋溢油常常导致非常严重的环境污染事件和生态灾难,溢油事故应急是世界应急技术领域面临的重大技术难题。文章通过引用典型事故案例和国内事故概况说明了溢油事故的巨大风险及其危害,分析油品入水、扩散、漂移以及着陆四个不同事故演化阶段的污染特征,系统梳理溢油事故应急的物理、化学和生物处置方法,并通过对比各类方法的适用范围和优缺点,总结当前溢油应急处置技术、应急能力以及环境适应性等方面存在的不足,提出加强溢油应急处置能力应该在提高应急装备能力、开发新技术产品、建立全球联动机制等方面加强努力。     

基于水电工程的应急执行力构成要素分析

针对水电工程突发事件,充分考虑水电工程的作业环境和建设特点,结合执行力理论,创造性地将危机管理和执行力相耦合,提出了应急执行力的概念,认为应急执行力是指在一定的时间约束和高度的资源约束条件下采取正确的执行方法和手段实现救援目标的能力。同时,还对应急执行力的4个构成要素——心态、工具、流程和角色做了详细的分析,以期为水电工程突发事件的应急处置提供一种新的思路和方向。     

Relationships between dissolved and particulate carbohydrate temporal patterns and mucilaginous aggregates formation: evidences from time series analysis and biochemical composition of aggregates

A 3-year monitoring of dissolved and particulate carbohydrate concentrations in four transects located in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas was performed in order to get information on the role played by carbohydrates in the mucilage formation in these areas. The application of time series analysis pointed out that the concentration of dissolved carbohydrates does not vary significantly in coincidence of the mucilage appearance showing an almost constant state with respect to time. In contrast, wider temporal variations of carbohydrate amounts, either increase or decrease, were observed when mucilages were lacking or reduced. This almost constant state of carbohydrate amounts observed in presence of mucilages that we define 'steady state' could be associated to an alteration of the complex chemical equilibrium between synthesis and degradation (either hydrolysis or oxidation) reactions of the organic polymers which are typical of the humification processes in the marine environment. The results of this study suggest that the monitoring of carbohydrates can represent an useful tool for the comprehension of the most relevant phenomena of mucilage appearance in the Northern Adriatic Sea.     

海洋灾害系统研究及预测预报

海洋灾害研究是一个庞大的系统工程,其研究领域绝不能局限于海洋,应该从地球整体乃至包括整个地球的宇宙空间去认识海洋灾害的发生、发展机制、各种灾害类型在全球变化中的位置,进而最大限度地达到预测、预报、预防的目的。