Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm weremeasured onboardby a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflowonmarine environment. Variation of source types dependedmainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

滇池受损湖滨带堤岸处置及基底修复工程技术研究

1970年滇池实施了规模浩大的围海造田工程,使滇池湿地面积减少约23.8 km2,使湖滨带原有的天然湿地大量消失,水生动植物栖息地不复存在,1980-1990年间,滇池环湖修建防浪堤113 km,使湖滨带生境条件进一步急剧恶化,彻底切断了湖泊水体生态系统和陆地生态系统的连续性,消落带消失,湖滨带湿生、挺水和沉水等大型水生植物难以生存,湖泊生态系统遭到重创,对湖泊生态系统带来极其不利的负面影响,文章重点分析了滇池湖滨陡岸带防浪堤处置及基底修复对湖滨带生态修复的重要作用及技术研究,为受损湖泊湖滨带生态修复创造良好的生境条件提供借鉴。     

日本海洋环境监测实施情况及启示

概述了日本实施海洋环境质量监测的状况。日本开展海洋环境质量监测基本始于1970年代的初期或中期,监测地域覆盖河口、沿岸、港口和近海至200海里的专属经济区。主要包括海洋环境监测调查、公共用水域水质调查、广域综合水质调查和化学物质环境实态调查;海洋污染调查和放射能调查等。     

制革印染工业园区污水厂重金属污染特性及去除效果研究

以浙江某制革、纺织印染工业园区污水处理厂为研究对象,分析了该污水处理厂进水、出水和污泥中Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd、Fe、Mn等重金属含量、来源及污染分布特性,探讨了重金属对该污水处理运行的影响。结果表明:该污水处理厂进水中Cr和Fe的含量最高,分别达16.40和15.80mg/L;重金属在污泥中发生富集,其中Cr和Fe的浓度高达12550和13671mg/kg。重金属在污泥中富集,不仅制约了污泥处置及资源化利用,而且影响了污泥的固液分离性能和常规污染物的去除效果。     

Current scenario and challenges of plastic pollution in Bangladesh: a focus on farmlands and terrestrial ecosystems

● A global snapshot of plastic waste generation and disposal is analysed. ● Effect of plastic pollution on environment and terrestrial ecosystem is reviewed. ● Ecotoxicity and food security from plastic pollution is discussed. Plastic is considered one of the most indispensable commodities in our daily life. At the end of life, the huge ever-growing pile of plastic waste (PW) causes serious concerns for our environment, including agricultural farmlands, groundwater quality, marine and land ecosystems, food toxicity and human health hazards. Lack of proper infrastructure, financial backup, and technological advancement turn this hazardous waste plastic management into a serious threat to developing countries, especially for Bangladesh. A comprehensive review of PW generation and its consequences on environment in both global and Bangladesh contexts is presented. The dispersion routes of PW from different sources in different forms (microplastic, macroplastic, nanoplastic) and its adverse effect on agriculture, marine life and terrestrial ecosystems are illustrated in this work. The key challenges to mitigate PW pollution and tackle down the climate change issue is discussed in this work. Moreover, way forward toward the design and implementation of proper PW management strategies are highlighted in this study.     

利用粉煤灰输送与贮存系统处置粘胶纤维污水场污泥的研究

通过对粘胶纤维污水场的中和脱锌污泥、二沉池剩余污泥和煤灰水混合体的沉降性能实验,证实其固液分离性能良好;吸附与渗透实验取得了粉煤灰、亚粘土对锌、汞的吸附等温线和地下水影响预测所需的参数;并分析了灰泥混合流体对电厂原输灰系统和环境的影响。研究结果表明：利用粉煤灰输送与贮存系统处置粘胶纤维污水场污泥的处理工艺在技术上可行,操作简单、运行可靠、投资少,每年可节省污泥处理费用40.5万元。外排污染物达到国家排放标准。     

社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场选址问题研究

用冲突分析理论分析了社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场的选址问题,预测了这一冲突的发展,研究设计了解决这一冲突问题的处理方案．     

A spatial-temporal approach for corrosion prediction in time-varying marine environment

Corrosion in seawater is simultaneously influenced by multiple environmental factors including dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, pH, and so on. These factors vary along with time and are different in different locations. The spatial-temporal variation of the actual marine environment cannot be ignored in corrosion prediction models. This paper proposes a new method for corrosion prediction in the actual time-varying marine environment which includes the design of experiments, calibration of acceleration models, and the modeling of marine environment. Acceleration models capture the effects of environmental factors and acts as the link between the environment and the corrosion process. The marine environment is described with the Kriging spatial-temporal model. Then the proposed method is used to give corrosion predictions for metals in different locations and vessels travel in different waters. This method could be helpful for corrosion resistance evaluation and environment corrosivity assessment.     

微塑料污染现状及控制对策

目前,微塑料作为水环境中一种最新型的污染物受到越来越广泛的关注,因不足5mm的微小粒径,使其能够进入环境循环系统从而对环境和人体健康造成极大的威胁。针对微塑料污染问题,本文在对微塑料现状分析的基础上,提出对微塑料控制的对策和建议,积极采取行动,减少微塑料垃圾的产生量,并对已经产生的微塑料进行无害化处理。     

基于任务特征的电网企业应急预案体系重构*

为解决目前电网企业应急预案体系建设存在的内容泛化、管理成本高等问题,提出基于任务特征的应急预案体系重构思路,运用情景构建方法,开展电网企业突发事件影响场景和处置任务分析,得出7个影响场景、10类处置任务和38项子任务。结果表明:电网企业应急处置任务具有收敛性特征。通过应急预案与处置任务匹配,重构应急预案体系结构和预案定位,构建以通用性部门应急预案及现场处置方案为建设重点的新型应急预案体系,形成“通用性预案工具箱”,实现预案衔接“无缝化”、预案内容“本地化”、管理成本“聚焦化”。