南通市钢丝绳行业污泥处置与利用技术方案研究

通过对南通市钢丝绳行业产生污泥的特征进行分析,在总结了国内外重金属污泥控制技术的基础上,结合南通市实际情况,提出了钢丝绳污泥处置方案,并进行了可行性分析.     

MAX-DOAS observation in the midlatitude marine boundary layer: Influences of typhoon forced air mass

As a passive remote sensing technique, MAX-DOAS method was widely used to investigate the vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gases in the lower troposphere. However, the measurements for midlatitude marine boundary layer are rarely reported, especially during the storm weather system. In this study, the MAX-DOAS was used to retrieve the aerosol, HCHO and NO₂ vertical distribution at Huaniao Island of East China Sea in summer 2018, during which a strong tropical cyclone developed and passed through the measurement site. The observed aerosol optical depth (AOD), HCHO- and NO_2-VCDs (Vertical Column Density) were in the range of 0.19-0.97, (2.57-12.27) × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², (1.24-4.71) × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², which is much higher than remote ocean area due to the short distance to continent. The vertically resolved aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), HCHO and NO₂ presented the decline trend with the increase of height. After the typhoon passing through, the distribution of high levels of aerosol and HCHO stretched to about 1 km and the abundances of the bottom layer were found as double higher than before, reaching 0.51 km⁻¹ and 2.44 ppbv, while NO₂ was still constrained within about 300 m with 2.59 ppbv in the bottom layer. The impacts of typhoon process forced air mass were also observed at the suburban site in Shanghai in view of both the aerosol extinction and chemical components. The different changes on air quality associated with typhoon and its mechanism in two different environments: coastal island and coastal city are worthy of further investigation as it frequent occurred in East Asia during summer and fall.     

基于复杂地形-气象场的二噁英污染物沉降研究

为了解复杂地形-气象场条件下二噁英类污染物环境影响,选取我国西南某代表性山地,利用CALPUFF预测区域垃圾焚烧、医废与危废项目二噁英类污染物的环境影响,并通过土壤实测数据进行模型分析验证.结果显示：复杂地形-气象场条件下,同一区域不同空间下的风向与风速将会出现明显差异,CALMET气象模块可结合相关资料,模拟计算出可信较高的复杂气象场文件;模型预测显示,在复杂地形-气象场条件下,项目排放的二噁英在土壤中的沉降位置、方向与全年主导风向不完全一致.研究区域土壤沉降量为0.86×10^-3~9.84×10-1ngTEQ/m²;模型模拟医废与垃圾焚烧、危废项目沉降数据与监测数据相关性R分别为0.854,0.287,说明CALPUFF模式在复杂地形-气象场条件下模拟周边土壤二噁英空间分布有一定可信度.     

赣榆县污水处理厂污泥处置对策探讨

为解决城镇污水处理厂污泥处置问题,以江苏省赣榆县为例,对污水处理厂污泥管理现状及存在问题进行论述,同时介绍了多种可行的处置方式,提出了相应的环境管理对策。     

Modeling the seasonal autochthonous sources of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in the upper Chesapeake Bay

In this paper we investigate the seasonal autochthonous sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in the euphotic zone at a station in the upper Chesapeake Bay using a new mass-based ecosystem model. Important features of the model are: (1) carbon and nitrogen are incorporated by means of a set of fixed and varying C:N ratios; (2) dissolved organic matter (DOM) is separated into labile, semi-labile, and refractory pools for both C and N; (3) the production and consumption of DOM is treated in detail; and (4) seasonal observations of light, temperature, nutrients, and surface layer circulation are used to physically force the model. The model reasonably reproduces the mean observed seasonal concentrations of nutrients, DOM, plankton biomass, and chlorophyll a. The results suggest that estuarine DOM production is intricately tied to the biomass concentration, ratio, and productivity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, viruses, and bacteria. During peak spring productivity phytoplankton exudation and zooplankton sloppy feeding are the most important autochthonous sources of DOM. In the summer when productivity peaks again, autochthonous sources of DOM are more diverse and, in addition to phytoplankton exudation, important ones include viral lysis and the decay of detritus. The potential importance of viral decay as a source of bioavailable DOM from within the bulk DOM pool is also discussed. The results also highlight the importance of some poorly constrained processes and parameters. Some potential improvements and remedies are suggested. Sensitivity studies on selected parameters are also reported and discussed.     

耐盐异养硝化菌驯化方法及分离菌株鉴定

采用高C/N、逐渐降低DO、菌体对数生长期前期转接以及增加培养液中海水比例的方法完成了耐盐异养硝化菌的富集和驯化,并从中分离筛选出两株高效异养硝化菌qy37和gs2.通过对两株菌的形态观察、生理生化试验以及16S rRNA序列分析,确定菌株qy37和菌株gs2分别为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas).     

青岛城市污水厂污泥有机质、养分及重金属含量

对青岛市4个典型城市污水厂脱水污泥中有机质、养分及重金属指标进行了调查研究,结果表明,所调查的青岛市4个典型城市污水厂污泥中的有机质平均含量为48.58%,总氮、总磷、总钾平均含量分别为36 437.76 mg/kg、12 590.13 mg/kg2、791.55 mg/kg;青岛市4个典型城市污水厂脱水污泥中的重金属...     

盾构隧道施工引起地表沉降分析与处置

随着隧道施工技术的发展,盾构隧道愈来愈成为软弱岩土层或繁忙闹市地区地下工程施工的主要施工方法。但无论盾构隧道施工技术如何改进,其施工引起的地层移动是不可能完全消除的。为此,本文就盾构隧道施工地层变形特征、地表沉降原因及变形机理、地层变形预测等进行了分析研究,介绍了采用Peck公式预测分析盾构隧道地面沉降量及沉陷槽的方法,并提出了控制地层变形保护建筑物的主要措施,强调了运用数值分析方法对多工况变形进行预测分析仅仅具有指导性,只能作为控制沉降的理论参考,必须在盾构施工过程中加强沉降监测工作,随时了解地面沉降信息,及时采取有效措施,以达到控制沉降和减少损失的目的,为今后地铁设计与施工给予一定的指导。     

化学品泄漏致大气环境损害的量化评估初探

以某化学品泄漏造成大气污染为例,采用虚拟治理成本法,通过对污染物单位治理成本的调查,污染物危害系数的确定等步骤量化生态环境损害的数额。针对生态环境损害价值量化过程中主要污染物的选择、单位治理成本的确定、危害类别的判断等技术关键点,提出,应结合环境质量标准限值,污染物危害系数等综合因素选择主要污染物;采用成本函数法来确定某一地区单位治理成本更容易被采纳;利用标签制度（GHS）危险性类别的结论能够快速确定污染物危害系数,以期为大气环境损害鉴定评估技术方法的完善提供参考和借鉴。     

光固化3D打印废塑料来源、处置技术和环境影响

光固化技术因其在3D打印行业中具有打印精度高且技术成熟的优势,在工业应用和学术研究方面都受到国内外的广泛关注.随着光固化3D打印技术蓬勃发展,相应而来的废弃物（光固化3D打印废塑料）作为一种新型有机固废,其增长速度不可估量,对环境带来的影响难以预计.基于现有研究,对光固化3D打印废塑料来源、处置技术和环境影响的最新研究进展进行总结分析.结果表明,光固化3D打印废塑料为共价交联热固性塑料,具有较高的活化能,内部化学结构存在对光敏感的显色基团,其原料、形成过程和目前的处置方法均可能对环境或生物体等带来潜在危害.基于此,针对光固化3D打印废塑料未来处置方式的可能性,提出展望和建议,可为光固化3D打印产业清洁发展提供助力.