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871.
Managing Endangered Species Within the Use–Preservation Paradox: The Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) as a Tourism Attraction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A significant challenge to wildlife managers in tourism settings is to provide visitors with opportunities to observe rare and endangered wildlife while simultaneously protecting the target species from deleterious impacts. Nearly 100,000 people annually visit Crystal River, Florida, USA to observe and swim with the Florida manatee, an endangered species. This research aimed to investigate and describe human-manatee interactions in a tourism context, to understand the salient issues related to such interactions as identified by stakeholders, and to recommend a course of action to address multiple interests in the planning and management of human-manatee interactions. Five issues were identified by all stakeholder groups: water quality, harassment, density and crowding, education, and enforcement. Currently, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is responsible for manatee management, does not have mechanisms in place to manage the tourism component of the manatee encounter. Although a regulatory approach can be taken, a better approach would be to create an organization of tour operators to establish "best practices" that reflect the goal of the managing agency to enhance manatee protection (and thus ensure their livelihood) and to enhance the visitor experience. 相似文献
872.
873.
Dorneles PR Lailson-Brito J Fernandez MA Vidal LG Barbosa LA Azevedo AF Fragoso AB Torres JP Malm O 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1268-1276
In Brazil, there is no restriction to the use of organotins (OTs). Previous investigations have shown that hepatic ∑Sn in cetaceans is predominantly organic. Hepatic ∑Sn concentrations were determined by GFAAS in 67 cetaceans (13 species) that stranded on Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Espirito Santo (ES) states. Concentrations (in ng/g wet wt.) of marine tucuxis (n = 20) from the highly contaminated Guanabara Bay (in RJ) varied from 1703 to 9638. Concentrations of three marine tucuxi foetuses and one newborn calf (all from Guanabara Bay) varied between 431 and 2107. Contrastingly, the maximum level among 19 oceanic dolphins was 346, and 15 out of these 19 specimens presented concentrations below detection limit. The levels of Sn in six marine tucuxis from a less contaminated area (ES) varied from below detection limit to 744. Comparing to the literature, coastal cetaceans from Brazil appear to be highly exposed to OTs. 相似文献
874.
Integrating Conservation and Development at the National Marine Park of Alonissos,Northern Sporades,Greece: Perception and Practice 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Available information on the socioeconomic implications of marine protected areas (MPAs) for the socioculturally diverse Mediterranean
region is scant. The National Marine Park of Alonissos, Northern Sporades (NMPANS), Greece was established in 1992 as a foundation
for the conservation of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus. The evolution of the degree of acceptance of and satisfaction from the NMPANS by involved stakeholder groups (fishermen,
tourism operators, hoteliers and owners of rooms to let, governmental bodies, nongovernmental bodies, students, domestic and
foreign tourists) were investigated 13 years after its establishment using written questionnaires delivered during personal
interviews. The initial positive attitude of local professionals for the NMPANS has eroded due to the unsatisfactory fulfillment
of expectations for socioeconomic development. Fishermen expressed dissatisfaction with, mistrust toward, and a reluctancy
to communicate with the NMPANS’s management body. They believe that the fishery areas have decreased in actual geographic
area because of the prohibitive measures; fish stocks are declining; compensation for damage to fishery equipment by the Mediterranean
monk seal and for the prohibitive measures should be provided; and stricter enforcement of regulations should take place.
On the other hand, tourism operators, who organize trips for tourists to the NMPANS, unanimously reported direct economic
benefits. Furthermore, there was a disparity in the perception of socioeconomic benefits derived from the NMPANS between governmental
bodies and local stakeholders. The governmental bodies and the nongovernmental organization MOm-Hellenic Society for the Study
and Protection of the Monk Seal postulated that there had been considerable socioeconomic benefits for the local community
of Alonissos due to the establishment of the NMPANS, whereas the local nongovernmental organization Ecological and Cultural
Movement of Alonissos claimed benefits were scant. Tourists (domestic and foreign) believe that the NMPANS is not the main
attraction to Alonissos Island but is part of a composite, including serenity, aesthetic beauty, and small-scale tourism development,
which can turn Alonissos Island into an ideal eco-tourism destination; a common aspiration for both the tourists and the local
community by general consensus. The aim of the NMPANS to integrate conservation and development lies in (1) the effectiveness
of the NMPANS management body in formulating a strategic management plan that would accommodate stakeholders’ interests and
aspirations and (2) a national policy of conservation and enhancement of natural resources with consistency and continuity.
Quantitative assessment of the socioeconomic effectiveness of the Mediterranean MPAs using a common methodology would facilitate
the identification of intraregional variation and better planning for the network of MPAs in the Mediterranean. 相似文献
875.
Macroalgal invasions in coastal areas have been a growing concern during the past decade. The present study aimed to assess the role of hull fouling on recreational yachts as a vector for macroalgal introductions. Questionnaire and hull surveys were carried out in marinas in France and Spain. The questionnaires revealed that the majority of yacht owners are aware of seaweed introductions, usually undertake short range journeys, dry dock their boat at least once a year, and use antifouling paints. The hull survey showed that many in-service yachts were completely free of macroalgae. When present, fouling assemblages consisted mainly of one to two macroalgal species. The most commonly found species was the tolerant green seaweed Ulva flexuosa. Most of the other species found are also cosmopolitan and opportunistic. A few nonnative and potentially invasive Ceramiales (Rhodophyta) were found occasionally on in-service yachts. On the basis of the information gathered during interviews of yacht owners in the surveyed area, these occurrences are likely to be uncommon. However they can pose a significant risk of primary or secondary introductions of alien macroalgal species, especially in the light of the increase in yachting activities. With large numbers of recreational yachts and relatively rare occurrences of nonnative species on hulls, comprehensive screening programs do not seem justified or practical. The risks of transferring nonnative species may, however, be minimized by encouraging the behaviors that prevent fouling on hulls and by taking action against neglected boats before they can act as vectors. 相似文献
876.
Global Earth Observation (GEO) is one of the most important sources of information for environmental resource management and disaster prevention. With budgets for GEO increasingly under pressure, it is becoming important to be able to quantify the returns to informational investments. For this, a clear analytical framework is lacking. By combining Bayesian decision theory with an empirical, stakeholder-oriented approach, this paper attempts to develop such a framework. The analysis focuses on the use of satellite observations for Dutch water quality management in the North Sea. Dutch water quality management currently relies on information from 'in situ' measurements but is considering extending and deepening its information base with satellite observations. To estimate returns to additional investments in satellite observation, we analyze the added value of an extended monitoring system for the management of eutrophication, potentially harmful algal blooms and suspended sediment and turbidity in the North Sea. First, we develop a model to make the potential contribution of information to welfare explicit. Second, we use this model to develop a questionnaire and interpret the results. The results indicate that the expected welfare impact of investing in satellite observation is positive, but that outcomes strongly depend on the accuracy of the information system and the range of informational benefits perceived. 相似文献
877.
Willingness to Pay for Improving the Residential Waste Disposal System in Korea: A Choice Experiment Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study attempts to apply choice experiments with regard to the residential waste disposal system (RWDS) in Korea by considering
various attributes that are related to RWDS. Using data from a survey conducted on 492 households, the empirical analysis
yields estimates of the willingness to pay for a clean food-waste collection facility, the collection of small items (such
as obsolete mobile phones and add-ons for personal computers), and a more convenient large waste disposal system. The estimation
results of multinomial logit models are quite similar to those of nested logit models. The results reveal that residents have
preferences for the cleanliness of facilities and the collection of small items. In Korea, residents are required to purchase
and attach stickers for the disposal of large items; they want to be able to obtain stickers at not only village offices but
also supermarkets. On the other hand, the frequency of waste collection is not a significant factor in the choice of the improved
waste management program.
相似文献
Seung-Hoon YooEmail: |
878.
Sediment Quality Assessment in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Baltic Sea) Using Complementary Lines of Evidence
Roberta Bettinetti Silvana Galassi Jerzy Falandysz Marina Camusso Davide A. L. Vignati 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):1313-1320
Sediments from Polish coastal environments were classified by a quality assessment approach that took into account trace metal
and organic micropollutant concentrations, grain-size distribution, and organic carbon content. Generally, no benthic organisms
were found at sites where sediments were classified as heavily polluted. However, areas characterized by a moderate contamination
showed a variable composition of the benthic community and changing bioaccumulation patterns; therefore, no single species
found in the Gulf of Gdańsk could be considered representative of the whole benthic environment. Although sediment monitoring
must be considered a suitable tool to detect hot-spot pollution areas in coastal and inland waters, it should be complemented
by bioaccumulation measurements to evaluate the actual risk posed by contaminants to benthic organisms. This “biological information”
allows a better appreciation of the real benthic infaunal community exposure to chemicals and can usefully complement the
existing sediment quality guidelines. 相似文献
879.
Environmental management of the stone cutting industry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Environmental Management of the stone cutting industry in Hebron is required to reduce the industry's adverse impact on the downstream agricultural land and the adverse impact on the drinking water aquifers. This situation requires the implementation of an industrial wastewater management strategic approach and technology, within the available technical and financial resources. Ten pilot projects at different locations were built at Hebron to reduce or eliminate the incompatible discharge of the liquid and solid waste to the environment and improve the stone cutting industry's effluent quality. A review of existing practices and jar test experiments were used to optimize the water recycling and treatment facilities. The factors reviewed included influent pumping rates and cycles, selection of the optimal coagulant type and addition methods, control of the sludge recycling process, control over flow rates, control locations of influent and effluent, and sludge depth. Based on the optimized doses and Turbidity results, it was determined that the use of Fokland polymer with an optimal dose of 1.5mg/L could achieve the target turbidity levels. The completion of the pilot projects resulted in the elimination of stone cutting waste discharges and an improvement in the recycled effluent quality of 44-99%. This in turn reduced the long term operating costs for each participating firm. A full-scale project that includes all the stone cutting firms in Hebron industrial area is required. 相似文献
880.
农村生活污水治理技术方案的合理性评估——以上海和苏南地区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以上海和苏南地区农村生活污水治理的10个示范工程为例,评估研究了农村生活污水治理技术方案的合理性。文章认为,在技术合理性方面,现有示范工程的处理模式选择和工艺设计基本实现了因地制宜,但在成本的有效性方面,现有示范工程还存在较大的成本下降空间。 相似文献