新冠肺炎疫情期间医废收处人员防护措施及暴露风险调查研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19,简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情期间,医疗废物产生量急剧增加,给我国的医疗废物处置能力以及收运处置人员的防护带来了严峻考验.为研究医疗废物的收运、暂时贮存、处置等各环节工作人员的潜在风险及暴露防护措施,选取浙江省某典型医疗废物处置中心90名工作人员作为研究对象进行调查,分析了不同工种工作人员的个人防护水平,以及存在感染风险的物品或位置对其选择防护措施的影响.结果表明:在90名被调查者中,98.9%的工作人员在工作期间会佩戴医用防护口罩或全面罩和半面罩,87.5%的工作人员会穿工作服,79.6%的工作人员会佩戴工作帽,64.8%的工作人员会选择穿戴橡胶手套、防护靴来进行防护,近距离接触医疗废物时还会穿戴护目镜（55.7%）和防护服（33.0%）;单次任务结束后,100%的被调查者会选择用流水、肥皂、快速消毒剂或0.3%~0.5%的碘伏消毒液来清洗双手或洗澡清洁,94.3%的被调查者会对个人工作物品进行消毒;所有人员回家后均会采取洗手、消毒、衣物通风晾晒等防护措施;不同工种工作人员采取的个人防护措施主要与工作过程中可能触碰到的存在感染风险的物品或位置有关,其中可能触碰到周转箱（桶）或一次性包装容器外表面和内壁等高风险物品的工作人员更倾向于采取更高级别的防护措施.研究显示,此次调查中不同工种工作人员的防护合格率间存在显著性差异（P < 0.05）,未来需要制定更加详尽具体的政策规范,并加强对该从业人员的管理和培训,增强其防范意识,降低职业暴露风险.      

Eutrophication Status of Marine Environment of Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru Ports

The marine environment of Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru ports was monitored for some environmental and biological parameters during three different periods between 2001 and 2002. The results are compared with the records available since 1960s. With the passage of time the environmental status underwent changes, probably due to the increase in anthropogenic activities in the metropolis. The nutrient level especially the nitrate concentration has increased gradually over the years with a simultaneous decrease in dissolved oxygen, indicating increase in the biological activity. Characterization of this environment based on Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) model indicates that the current status is poor and may get worsen in future if no appropriate management policies are put into place.     

城市垃圾处理的新动向——生物反应器填埋场技术

基于传统垃圾卫生填埋场的不足,介绍了生物反应器填埋场及其对垃圾和渗滤液中污染物的有效去除和阻滞机理,总结了生物反应器填埋场降低渗滤液污染强度、增加填埋场有效容积、提高产气量、加速填埋声稳定、降低垃圾处置成本等优势,概括了生物反应器填埋场设计和操作支行要素,提出了今后的发展方向。     

掘进巷道停风期间瓦斯超限应急处置技术研究

为解决掘进巷道停风导致的瓦斯浓度超限问题,提出1种利用瓦斯抽采管路进行局部抽出式通风的应急处置技术措施,并采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对比分析掘进巷道停风期间采取应急处置技术前后的掘进巷道瓦斯浓度分布规律和防治效果.结果表明:对掘进巷道内现有的瓦斯抽采管路进行改造,在掘进巷道停风情况下利用瓦斯抽采管路中的负压对...     

Ecological connectivity of the marine protected area network in the Baltic Sea,Kattegat and Skagerrak: Current knowledge and management needs

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have become a key component of conservation and fisheries management to alleviate anthropogenic pressures. For MPA networks to efficiently promote persistence and recovery of populations, ecological connectivity, i.e. dispersal and movement of organisms and material across ecosystems, needs to be taken into account. To improve the ecological coherence of MPA networks, there is hence a need to evaluate the connectivity of species spreading through active migration and passive dispersal. We reviewed knowledge on ecological connectivity in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak in the northeast Atlantic and present available information on species-specific dispersal and migration distances. Studies on genetic connectivity are summarised and discussed in relation to dispersal-based analyses. Threats to ecological connectivity, limiting dispersal of populations and lowering the resilience to environmental change, were examined. Additionally, a review of studies evaluating the ecological coherence of MPA networks in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak was performed, and suggestions for future evaluations to meet management needs are presented.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01684-x.     

Sharing goals by timely communication improves fishermen's satisfaction with marine protected areas: A case study in the Mediterranean

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as a valid tool for mitigating the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Their success depends upon their acceptance by implicated stakeholders and on the integration of the stakeholder groups into their management. This integration is especially important with regard to fishermen, whose interests are the most directly affected by MPAs. The relational coordination method posits that effective communication and supportive relationships among stakeholders result in positive stakeholder behaviors and a more effective management of the system. Applying its principles, we designed a survey to evaluate the satisfaction of fishermen associated with five MPAs in the Spanish Mediterranean and determine what mechanisms affect fishermen’s acceptance of MPAs. Our results demonstrate that effective communication is particularly important for good supportive relationships and satisfaction among fishermen and other stakeholder groups, as well as satisfaction with the MPA. Sharing objectives with fishermen through timely communication is the primary mechanism to improve fishermen''s satisfaction and ameliorate perceptions towards MPA. To address this issue, we recommend more substantial integration of fishermen in the co-management of MPAs.     

医疗废物处置设施建设规划实施的现状、问题和对策

根据对“全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施普查”数据的分析,得出全国现有医疗废物集中处置设施的数量、分布、规模、达产率等现状,并发现现有设施普遍存在缺乏统一规划、工艺技术落后、设备市场混乱、市场化导向过重等四方面的主要问题.《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》实施中存在新老项目协调困难、产业化支撑能力较弱、可研报告质量较差、工艺技术路线选择不当等主要问题.为加快该规划的实施进程,提出加强监督检查、强化过程性控制指标的制定、适时淘汰现有不能达标的设施、加快能力建设等建议.      

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋沉积物中镉和铬

以硝酸作为消解液,采用微波消解仪对海洋沉积物进行消解,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定消解液中的Cd和Cr。该方法在0μg/L~10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,Cd和Cr的方法检出限分别为0.04 mg/kg和2.0 mg/kg,实际样品的加标回收率在96.0%~100%之间,RSD为0.3%~5.2%。用该方法与国标法同时测定北部湾海域海洋沉积物实际样品,结果无明显差异,而该方法处理样品更为省时省力。     

连云港港区海洋环境质量状况

为分析连云港海洋环境质量,对连云港港区水质、沉积物及生物因子进行监测。结果表明,港区内某些点位水质中无机氮含量较高,达到污染程度,其余点位监测指标均正常,沉积物中的重金属尚未对该海域造成污染。浮游植物31种,其中甲藻门8种,硅藻门23种,浮游植物数量变动为1.84×104m-3~1.16×105m-3;底栖生物17种,多样性指数平均值为1.89。港区内水域环境时空变化表明,海水中锌含量连续大幅增加,其余指标均下降50%,沉积物重金属含量变化不大。     

四川省城市生活垃圾的组成及特性

对四川省典型城市生活垃圾的组成、元素分析及热值等实验结果进行分析,结果表明:典型城市生活垃圾具有厨余含量高(57.4%～66.1%)、渣土含量少(1.9%～11.7%)的特点;四川省城市生活垃圾热值介于4 200～5 500 kJ/kg之间,且大部分处在4 800～5 500 kJ/kg之间;攀枝花、绵阳和成都市金牛区城市生活垃圾热值较高,适合采用焚烧法,内江和遂宁的城市生活垃圾热值偏低,宜采用填埋的方法。