The shifting sea: from soft space to lively space

It is widely acknowledged that marine spatial planning (MSP) should be responsive to the dynamism of the marine environment and the relatively tenuous human relationship with the sea. However, MSP remains conceptualised within rationalistic terms that limit this potential. This article places MSP within the context of spatial theory that holds greater promise for developing more progressive practice. Firstly, the interrelation of MSP with current notions of soft space (less formal, cross-cutting spatialities) is explored, suggesting that MSP is expressing some of the geographical and institutional freedoms of soft space, and may contribute new insights to this concept. Secondly, a progressive framework is developed that builds upon soft space principles. This draws in, on the one hand, underlying relational understandings of space, and on the other hand, insights from marine contexts. This leads to a picture of marine space-being-planned as lively space, expressing, amongst other things, the sea’s materiality. This concept is illustrated through an application of the framework to a strategic MSP exercise for the Baltic Sea region. Finally, it is suggested that MSP itself should be reconceptualised as immersed into this spatial ontology, with the agents and practices of planning taking their place within the wider assemblage of marine actants and relations.     

Health is wealth: Concern for households’ solid waste self‐disposal practices

This study examines the challenges posed by solid waste by assessing the disposal methods practiced by residents in the Ijebu‐Ode Local Government Area (LGA) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained through questionnaire administration. One out of every 10 houses was selected for sampling in six randomly selected wards of Ijebu‐Ode LGA. Three hundred and twelve questionnaires were administered on heads of households. Information elicited from the respondents covered solid waste disposal practices, the rationales behind those practices, and the respondents’ perceptions of environmental problems, including environmental health problems that could emanate from such practices. Data on environmental problems and environmental health problems measured on a 5‐point Likert scale were analyzed using Aggregate Weighted Mean Index. The computed Environmental Problem Indices (EPIs) and Environmental Health Problem Indices (EHPIs) were used to determine the severity of the respective challenges. The results established that blockage of drains with an EPI of 4.15 was a very severe environmental problem and flood hazard with an EPI of 3.55 was a severe environmental problem resulting from solid waste disposal practices. Incidence of malaria and cholera, with EHPIs of 2.85 and 2.56, respectively, were however ranked as not severe environmental health problems. The study concluded that solid waste disposal practices in Ijebu‐Ode LGA were unhygienic and unsafe, hence the need for government intervention to ensure the adoption of the necessary measures toward a safe and healthy environment.     

On the ASR and ASR thermal residues characterization of full scale treatment plant

In order to obtain 85% recycling, several procedures on Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) could be implemented, such as advanced metal and polymer recovery, mechanical recycling, pyrolysis, the direct use of ASR in the cement industry, and/or the direct use of ASR as a secondary raw material. However, many of these recovery options appear to be limited, due to the possible low acceptability of ASR based products on the market. The recovery of bottom ash and slag after an ASR thermal treatment is an option that is not usually considered in most countries (e.g. Italy) due to the excessive amount of contaminants, especially metals. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on the characteristics of ASR and its full-scale incineration residues. Experiments have been carried out, in two different experimental campaigns, in a full-scale tyre incineration plant specifically modified to treat ASR waste.Detailed analysis of ASR samples and combustion residues were carried out and compared with literature data. On the basis of the analytical results, the slag and bottom ash from the combustion process have been classified as non-hazardous wastes, according to the EU waste acceptance criteria (WAC), and therefore after further tests could be used in future in the construction industry. It has also been concluded that ASR bottom ash (EWC – European Waste Catalogue – code 19 01 12) could be landfilled in SNRHW (stabilized non-reactive hazardous waste) cells or used as raw material for road construction, with or without further treatment for the removal of heavy metals. In the case of fly ash from boiler or Air Pollution Control (APC) residues, it has been found that the Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded regulatory leaching test limits therefore their removal, or a stabilization process, would be essential prior to landfilling the use of these residues as construction material.     

北方农村垃圾现状调查及处置体系研究

为解决农村垃圾处置问题,以沈阳市东陵区某村为研究对象,对农村垃圾的组成、收集、治理情况进行了较为详尽的调查,并针对农村垃圾处置存在的问题进行了分析,提出了适合北方农村垃圾处置的相关对策和措施。     

半水磷石膏充填体离子固化与尺寸效应

针对磷石膏堆存所产生的环境污染问题,提出以无害化处理后的半水磷石膏（HPG）作为矿山充填材料的解决方案.以渗透试验、物性测试试验和化学成分测定等试验为基础,研究了HPG在不同石灰掺量、不同尺寸、不同养护龄期条件下的毒性浸出和浸泡离子析出规律.结果表明,石灰添加量为2%时,HPG中的P、F等潜在有害元素固化效果最好,所制备的充填体试块3d单轴抗压强度可达7.4MPa;其抗渗透性相对于未添加石灰的HPG提高3000倍以上.通过浸泡实验测定了HPG在去离子水中的单位面积溶出速率,得出了暴露面积为4m²时充填体中P、F、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-离子日均析出总量,分别为0.84、0.32、27.84、89.32g;同时发现HPG试块的离子析出具有尺寸效应,相同浸泡时间、固液比条件下,增大充填体尺寸可以减小离子析出速率.     

废弃钻井液处理方法发展研究

近年来,随着对环保的重视,钻井过程中产生的废弃钻井液的处理也越来越受到钻井人的关注.文章针对国内废弃钻井液处理方法的发展现状,从中国海上和陆地废弃钻井液着手,分别论述了海上和陆地废弃钻井液处理中,水基和油基废弃钻井液的处理方法,以及现场应用情况.并对海上以及陆地废弃钻井液的处理进行对比分析,可以更直观的选出适合某地区的废弃钻井液处理方法,对现场工作有一定的帮助.     

农村水环境污染及治理对策研究

根据我国农村水环境状况，分析污染的主要原因，提出农村水环境治理应采用全过程控制措施．走控源和治理相结合、治理与管理相结合的路线，同时提高全民环保意识来保护水环境。     

内蒙古自治区城市生活垃圾处理现状及资源化措施

垃圾已成为我国大中城市一个严重的环境问题,既损害居民身体健康又制约城市发展.本文首先分析了内蒙古自治区城市生活垃圾处理现状,然后就目前存在问题进行了讨论,最后针对垃圾回收与处置现状提出垃圾资源化对策,并阐明了具体实施措施和建议.     

区域给水与污水处理及回用系统规划的优化研究

针对目前水污染控制规划只考虑污水处理以及经济效益这些不足,将区域给水、污水处理及中水系统作为统一整体进行统一规划,建立以区域经济效益、社会效益及环境效益最大化为目标,以各子系统供需水量及水质要求为约束条件的优化模型,并应用到具体实际中进行验证,结果表明区域给水与污水处理及回用系统规划的实用性与科学性.     

我国污泥处理、处置与利用现状

污泥是废水处理之后引入的二次污染．它已经成为目前环境方面急需解决的固废污染问题。从污泥的定义出发，介绍了污泥的特性、种类、产生量，结合污泥的减量化、稳定化、无害化和资源化，重点阐述了污泥的处理处置现状，并分析了存在的问题；讨论了污泥的农林利用是变废为宝，并且适合我国国情的最佳处置方法。