Emission characteristics of offshore fishing ships in the Yellow Bo Sea, China

Maritime transport has been playing a decisive role in global trade. Its contribution to the air pollution of the sea and coastal areas has been widely recognized. The air pollutant emission inventories of several harbors in China have already been established. However,the emission factors of local ships have not been addressed comprehensively, and thus are lacking from the emission inventories. In this study, on-board emission tests of eight diesel-powered offshore fishing ships were conducted near the coastal region of the northern Yellow Bo Sea fishing ground of Dalian, China. Results show that large amounts of fine particles( 0.5 μm, 90%) were found in maneuvering mode, which were about five times higher than those during cruise mode. Emission rates as well as emission factors based on both distance and fuel were determined during the cruise and maneuvering modes(including departure and arrival). Average emission rates and distance-based emission factors of CO, HC and PM were much higher during the maneuvering mode as compared with the cruise mode. However, the average emission rate of Nitrous Oxide(NOx) was higher during the cruise mode as compared with the maneuvering modes. On the contrary, the average distance-based emission factors of NOxwere lower during the cruise mode relative to the maneuvering mode due to the low sailing speed of the latter.     

Environmental Monitoring and Impact Assessment of a Solid Waste Disposal Site

The objective of this study is an attempt to conduct an environmentalmonitoring and impact assessment of the On-Nooch solid waste disposal sitein Bangkok, Thailand. Four water and five air sampling stations (2 upwindand 3 downwind directions) were established at the site. Grab water samplesfrom leachate treatment plant and Khlong Song Hong, a nearby stream, werecollected during the rainy and dry seasons. Analytical results of the wastewater discharged by the leachate treatment plant, during dry season showedchemical oxygen demand: 618 mg/l; biochemical oxygen demand: 80 mg/l;suspended solid: 101 mg/l; Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen: 283 mg/l, which werestill higher than standard limit for effluents in Thailand. During the dryseason, results also showed widespread heavy metal pollution from leachate(chromium: 1.03 mg/l; manganese: 1.07 mg/l; mercury: 0.025 mg/l) and werehigher than the allowable level of heavy metals for the Industrial EffluentStandard in Thailand. The direct discharge of untreated leachate into inlandwater will cause considerable water pollution in the study area. Compositeair samples in this study area were collected during the rainy and dryseasons and were analyzed for methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide(CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide(SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) andsuspended particulate matter (SPM). The average concentration of SPM rangedbetween 0.1–0.36 mg/m³ for 24-hour average, dependingupon the season. The level of CH₄ and CO₂ inthe ambient air of the study area were found to be 3.48–65.71mg/m³ and 886-1758 mg/m³ respectively which weremuch higher than the normal concentration of CH₄ andCO₂ in the air (CH₄: 2.41 mg/m³;CO₂: 585 mg/m³). Hence, adverse health andenvironmental effects could be expected from water and air pollution.     

实验室常见化学废弃物的危害及处理

论述了实验室几种常见废弃物的危害及处理方法，指出了废弃物必须经过有效处理，才能利于环境保护，防止意外事故发生。     

我国粪便处置现状与治理对策的研究

粪便既是农业资源 ,又是环境污染体和疾病传染源 ,对粪便进行减量化、无害化和资源化处置具有重要的现实意义。本文分析了我国粪便的处置现状 ,提出了相应的治理对策 ,并介绍了真空收运系统在城乡粪便处理中的作用与优势     

医疗垃圾高压蒸汽消毒器设计

医疗垃圾是一种具有急性生物危害性的危险废物。医疗垃圾高压蒸汽消毒法是一种以饱和蒸汽或过热蒸汽为工质的二次污染物少、简便有效、投资省、运行费用低的处理方法。本文以湖南省长沙市为例 ,选 13 2℃ ,2 0 0kPa的过热蒸汽为工质 ,设计了一种用于医疗垃圾集中处理的高压蒸汽消毒器 ,并对其运行过程作了详细分析     

Contaminants and their effects on estuarine and coastal organisms in the United Kingdom in the late twentieth century

The biological effects of contaminants in British estuaries and coastal waters have been studied for over 100 years. Until the 1970s. the major pollution impact on estuarine organisms was probably caused by poorly treated sewage which led to severe oxygen deficits and consequent asphyxiation of many water-breathers. However, since the introduction of improved sewage treatment in the last 30 years, a number of continuing impacts have come to light which represent true toxic effects of micro-contaminants. Sublethal changes observed in various bioassays and biomarkers are widespread in both fish and invertebrates, and in the most urbanised and industrialised estuaries, these effects are probably having impacts at the population and community levels. For example, there is good evidence to show that tributyltin from some antifouling paints has not only affected the sexuality and reproductive success of individual estuarine and coastal molluscs, but has also damaged some benthic communities of which molluscs are but a part. Although there are data to show that some contaminant concentrations are now declining, we do not yet have enough data in most cases to decide whether organisms have also begun to recover. This paper reviews the entire field of contaminant effects in UK estuarine and marine waters, focusing especially on the years 1985-2000, and makes some recommendations for future research and monitoring programmes.     

高浓度废水处理技术在柴油碱渣处理中的应用

炼厂柴油碱渣废水中含有成分复杂的酚及硫化物,因而其浓度较高。大港石化公司运用高浓度废水处理技术进行生物前期处理,其装置试运及柴油碱渣标定应用表明该技术先进。在生物处理过程中,工艺系统运行安全可靠,各项技术指标都达到或超过设计目标。其中,CODCr由处理前的34744mg/L降低到370mg/L,氨氮控制在50mg/L以下。高浓度废水处理技术流程简单,对周边环境无污染。     

悬浮及附着生物厌氧-好氧污水生化处理技术的应用

冀东油田采用悬浮与附着生物厌氧-好氧污水生化处理技术对污水进行了处理,使污水中的有机物有效降解,实现了污水达标外排,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。污水处理成本由回灌时的3.5元/m3下降到0.5元/m3。文章详细介绍了污水生化处理技术的原理、工艺设施及对污水处理的效果,分析了影响微生物生长的主要因素,。     

含油污泥无害化处理技术研究

在综合考虑经济因素和抗压强度要求的基础上,对长庆油田采油三厂的含油污泥进行了无害化固化处理。试验选取了固化剂最优配方:污泥、固化剂、促凝剂之比为4:1:0.01。强度性能检测表明,一般在1d内达到一定的强度,3 d后硬度提高,10 d后达到最大硬度。固化物污染指标测试还表明:其可溶出性盐量明显减少,矿化度下降了46%,含油量从未固化时的40000 mg/L下降为0.4 mg/L,硫化物含量仅为0.4 mg/L,均达到了外排的标准。     

国内外多氯联苯处理技术综述

简要介绍了目前国内外对多氯联苯的处理技术并比较其优缺点,以期对我国在多氯联苯处理方面的研究和应用提供有益的参考。