关于土壤环境污染及控制指导值制订问题的探讨

《土壤污染防治行动计划》是国家系统开展土壤污染预防、保护、管控和治理的重大战略部署。文章从污染物来源和土壤污染判断依据两方面探讨了"土壤污染"的概念;提出了我国的"土壤环境污染控制指导值"包括3套指导值,分别为"土壤环境风险筛选值"、"土壤环境修复指导值"和"土壤环境修复启动值",并分析了3套指导值的目标定位、制订策略和执行策略。     

Past and Present Effectiveness of Protected Areas for Conservation of Naturally and Anthropogenically Rare Plant Species

Abstract:  The Global Strategy of Plant Conservation states that at least 60% of threatened plant species should be within protected areas. This goal has been met in some regions with long traditions of plant protection. We used gap analysis to explore how particular groups of species of conservation interest, representing different types of natural or anthropogenic rarity, have been covered by protected areas on a national scale in Estonia during the last 100 years. Species-accumulation curves indicated that plant species that are naturally rare (restricted global or local distribution, always small populations, or very rare habitat requirements) needed almost twice as many protected areas to reach the 60% target as plant species that are rare owing to lack of suitable management (species depending on grassland management, moderate forest disturbances, extensive traditional agriculture, or species potentially threatened by collecting). Temporal analysis of the establishment of protected areas suggested that grouping plant species according to the predominant cause of rarity accurately reflected the history of conservation decision making. Species found in very rare habitats have previously received special conservation attention; species dependent on traditional extensive agriculture have been largely ignored until recently. Legislative initiative and new nature-protection schemes (e.g., Natura 2000, network of protected areas in the European Union) have had a positive influence on all species groups. Consequently, the species groups needing similar action for their conservation are sensitive indicators of the effectiveness of protected-area networks. Different species groups, however, may not be uniformly conserved within protected areas, and all species groups should fulfill the target of 60% coverage within protected areas.     

Beyond Frames: Recovering the Strategic in Climate Communication

Recent calls for communication scholars and practitioners to identify effective communication means for mobilizing constituencies to address climate change often fall to distinguish between communicative acts that “mobilize” and mobilization that enables a particular end. The latter presupposes an account of the intentional or strategic alignment of mobilization, that is, the predicted or assumed relationships among a mobilized public, the mode(s) of influence or leverage this creates, and the expected consequences of such influence, i.e., how specific communicative efforts are related to outcomes or “effects” within a system. This essay argues that the neglect of strategic alignments in some recent climate communication campaigns have caused these campaigns to be non-adaptive at the scale and/or urgency required. Drawing on case studies of the 2007 Step It Up initiative and the Sierra Club's “Beyond Coal” campaign, the essay proposes viewing the strategic as an heuristic for identifying openings within networks of contingent relationships and the potential of certain communicative efforts to interrupt or leverage change within systems of power.     

Challenges when performing economic optimization of waste treatment: A review

Strategic and operational decisions in waste management, in particular with respect to investments in new treatment facilities, are needed due to a number of factors, including continuously increasing amounts of waste, political demands for efficient utilization of waste resources, and the decommissioning of existing waste treatment facilities. Optimization models can assist in ensuring that these investment strategies are economically feasible.Various economic optimization models for waste treatment have been developed which focus on different parameters. Models focusing on transport are one example, but models focusing on energy production have also been developed, as well as models which take into account a plant’s economies of scale, environmental impact, material recovery and social costs. Finally, models combining different criteria for the selection of waste treatment methods in multi-criteria analysis have been developed.A thorough updated review of the existing models is presented, and the main challenges and crucial parameters that need to be taken into account when assessing the economic performance of waste treatment alternatives are identified. The review article will assist both policy-makers and model-developers involved in assessing the economic performance of waste treatment alternatives.     

环境保护市场化推进实践与思考

在分析环境保护市场化推进经验与制约瓶颈的基础上,从公共物品、准公共物品和私人物品特征明显的环境保护领域3个方面提出了环境保护市场化推进的重点领域与推进机制,并从加大监察执法力度、优化专项资金使用、强化政策引导和加强环保市场监管等方面提出了环境保护市场化的推进措施与建议。     

江湖关系演变对洞庭湖水质变化影响研究

利用长江中下游地区监测站点1950~2009年逐日水文监测数据及1995~2010年水质分析资料,结合Spearman相关分析和综合污染指数评价法,分析了长江中下游江湖关系演变对洞庭湖水质变化影响,并面向洞庭湖水环境安全提出一系列调控措施,旨在为洞庭湖地区水质改善提供理论基础与技术支持。     

论变革时期我国劳动保护的发展战略

从改变思维入手，以民主与法制为动力，依靠技术进步和科学管理，建立多层次大跨度整体有序推进的劳动保护发展战略，努力防治传统产业和避免新兴产业在生产经营过程中的职业危害，保证改革的健康发展，促进经济繁荣     

我国石油消费现状及其战略思考

石油是支撑经济发展和国防现代化的基本能源之一。在当今国际社会中 ,石油已成为世界政治、经济、军事和外交斗争的特殊武器 ,成为一国经济发展、社会稳定以及国家安全的重要保障条件。我国目前石油供需形势严峻 ,主要表现为 :石油储量接替准备不足 ,老油田稳产面临严峻形势 ;需求增长过快 ;对外依存度较高 ;运输和贮存能力较小等方面。石油的安全及其保障问题关系到我国的经济安全和国家安全 ,因此 ,有必要研究我国的石油消费现状及发展战略。笔者针对我国的石油消费现状 ,分析了目前我国石油战略中存在的问题 ,探讨了我国的石油战略。     

减灾行为社会化是防洪减灾战略转移的必然方向——美国防洪减灾战略的转移和演进

无论是工程措施还是非工程措施,它们对防御洪水、减轻灾害都是必须的。但是,任何手段都不可能制止洪水灾害,人类可以达到的目标只是减轻水灾损失,而各种减灾措施能够达到的实际效益决定于社会对它们的支持程度。作者研究了美国７０年代以来防洪战略转移的历史进程,认为当此世纪之交,我国的防洪战略应更加注意政策导向,以增强国家防洪主管部门行使管理职权的权威性,并推动地方政府、社会各部门逐级分担防洪减灾责任。     

黄河中游河龙地区地质灾害及其治理策略

在前人研究成果与实地调查研究的基础上，对黄河中游河口镇-龙门口地区水土流失、土地沙漠化、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及地面塌陷等地质灾害类型、特征、灾情、发展趋势进行了剖析，并根据环境现状，提出了治理灾害策略．