Community Capacity for Implementing Clean Development Mechanism Projects Within Community Forests in Cameroon

There is a growing assumption that payments for environmental services including carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction provide an opportunity for poverty reduction and the enhancement of sustainable development within integrated natural resource management approaches. Yet in experiential terms, community-based natural resource management implementation falls short of expectations in many cases. In this paper, we investigate the asymmetry between community capacity and the Land Use Land Use Change Forestry (LULUCF) provisions of the Clean Development Mechanism within community forests in Cameroon. We use relevant aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism criteria and notions of “community capacity” to elucidate determinants of community capacity needed for CDM implementation within community forests. The main requirements are for community capacity to handle issues of additionality, acceptability, externalities, certification, and community organisation. These community capacity requirements are further used to interpret empirically derived insights on two community forestry cases in Cameroon. While local variations were observed for capacity requirements in each case, community capacity was generally found to be insufficient for meaningful uptake and implementation of Clean Development Mechanism projects. Implications for understanding factors that could inhibit or enhance community capacity for project development are discussed. We also include recommendations for the wider Clean Development Mechanism/Kyoto capacity building framework.     

关于跨省断面水质生态补偿与财政激励机制的思考

改善环境质量是环境保护的核心。当前,我国跨省界流域上下游治污协作机制尚未完全建立,权责落实与激励政策尚不完善,流域跨省界断面水质短期内难以得到根本改善。文章提出建立以水环境质量改善为导向的跨省财政激励机制,根据上下游出境断面水污染治理成本、水生态价值和发展机会成本以及延伸投入等,强化流域水质目标考核行政和经济"双重"约束机制,建立水质超标"罚款赔偿"和水质达标"奖励补偿"机制,是解决流域跨界污染问题的重要突破口,并建议"十三五"全面推动建立跨省断面水质财政激励机制,实现流域治理的成本共担、合作共治。     

试论企业安全管理机制

结合我国安全管理的现状，分析了安全管理机制的性质、功能、内容及建设条件。还讨论了安全与经济效益及安全第一等概念。     

铁内电解法处理硝基苯类废水的机理与展望

硝基苯类化合物是广泛应用的化工原料 ,目前它们已造成了严重的环境污染 ,并危及人体的健康。利用内电解法处理环境污染物的方法目前倍受青睐 ,本文介绍了内电解法处理硝基苯类废水的作用机理、硝基苯类化合物的转化途径 ,概述了内电解法去污的影响因素 ,探讨了其发展动向。     

CDM Projects under the Kyoto Protocol: A Methodology for Sustainability Assessment – Experiences from South Africa and Uruguay

Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, industrialised countries may finance greenhouse gases mitigation projects in developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol explicitly requires that the CDM shall assist developing countries to achieve sustainable development. However, a clear definition of sustainability for CDM projects is still debatable. MATA-CDM (Multi-Attributive Assessment of CDM Projects) is an approach that facilitates a quantitative assessment of potential projects regarding their contribution to sustainable development. This paper presents applications of MATA-CDM in two different countries. In South Africa, the application was done mainly for academic and demonstrative purposes, whereas in Uruguay it was implemented together with the responsible Designated National Authority (DNA). The work in both countries included the selection of sustainability criteria and measurable indicators. Experts weighted the criteria using personal interviews and a multi-stakeholder workshop. This method was applied to three potential CDM projects in South Africa and one in Uruguay. Results show that under the conditions of this study, the MATA-CDM approach yet fails to yield a perfect quantitative overall sustainability assessment of CDM projects but that several findings could be useful to further develop the approach with the aim to translate the vague term sustainable development to a mainstream project level. Valuable experience was in particular collected with different stakeholder processes to perform criteria weighting.     

A basic study with feasibility of applying clean development mechanism to the transport projects

In the transport sector, few projects applied Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or Joint Implementation (JI) projects. This study will examine the feasibility of applying CDM to the transport sector from viewpoints of validation of processes and funding. A number of greenhouse gas emission reduction projects, as well as traffic management project within existing transport infrastructures, can be implemented as CDM projects. New transport infrastructure projects can be validated by transportdemand forecasting and traffic simulation methods, though application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) technologies. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Has the Clean Development Mechanism assisted sustainable development?

One of the dual objectives of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is to assist host countries in achieving sustainable development. With various CDM indicators for 58 CDM host countries over the period 2005‐2010, this paper empirically assesses whether CDM project development fulfils its sustainable development objective. Using a unique dynamic panel data method based on the long‐differenced model, this research provides convincing evidence that CDM projects contribute to sustainable development in host countries. It sheds light on the role of the CDM in the process of global sustainability with clear policy implications for developing countries and those embracing market instruments.     

排污权定价机制初探

第一次系统地提出了排污权定价机制,深入剖析了排污权定价的4个原则,为解决排污权有偿使用和交易中的核心技术问题提供了有益的探索,从而推动了我国排污权有偿使用和交易的进程。     

超临界水氧化分散染料分子研究

在380～460℃,20-30MPa条件下,对分散红60染料分子在超临界水中氧化降解情况进行了研究.结果表明,随着反应温度,压力和氧化剂量增加,废水中有机物(以CODCr表示)去除率逐步上升.染料分子在很短时间内被氧化分解生成以苯酚、苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸为主的中间产物.推导得出了分散红染料分子在超临界水中的降解路径.     

固体废物焚烧二恶英的生成机制及其控制技术

结合国内外近年来的研究成果,重点介绍了固体废物焚烧过程中二恶英的生成机制及其控制技术,在此基础上,针对我国国情,提出了二恶英的污染控制对策。