排污权定价机制初探

第一次系统地提出了排污权定价机制,深入剖析了排污权定价的4个原则,为解决排污权有偿使用和交易中的核心技术问题提供了有益的探索,从而推动了我国排污权有偿使用和交易的进程。     

超临界水氧化分散染料分子研究

在380～460℃,20-30MPa条件下,对分散红60染料分子在超临界水中氧化降解情况进行了研究.结果表明,随着反应温度,压力和氧化剂量增加,废水中有机物(以CODCr表示)去除率逐步上升.染料分子在很短时间内被氧化分解生成以苯酚、苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸为主的中间产物.推导得出了分散红染料分子在超临界水中的降解路径.     

固体废物焚烧二恶英的生成机制及其控制技术

结合国内外近年来的研究成果,重点介绍了固体废物焚烧过程中二恶英的生成机制及其控制技术,在此基础上,针对我国国情,提出了二恶英的污染控制对策。     

丹江口水库水环境保护协调机制研究

针对丹江口库区及其上游水环境保护现状和存在问题,探索建立跨地区、多部门、多层次的丹江口水库水环境保护协调机制,逐步形成国家和地方、流域与区域、水利部门与非水利部门间的水资源保护协调机制,以及流域上、下游分工明确、统一协调的水源地及其上游水资源保护管理新格局,以推进跨地区、跨部门的水资源管理,促进南水北调水源地水资源的持续利用。     

Biochar use in forestry and tree-based agro-ecosystems for increasing climate change mitigation and adaptation

This study reviews the potential use of biochar as soil amendment in afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, fruit tree orchards, and bio-energy plantations. Implementing this practice could sequester large amounts of carbon (C) over the long-term, potentially offsetting anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide, and mitigating climate change. On a global scale, this practice could sequester between 2 and 109.2 Pg biochar-C in 1.75 billion ha of degraded and deforested lands and agroforestry systems. An additional considerable amount could be sequestered in the soil of fruit tree orchards and bio-energy plantations. The anticipated improvement in the quality of the biochar-amended soils is expected to enhance resilience to these land uses, increasing their adaptation capacity to climate change. Yet, specific questions still need to be addressed, for example, the impact of biochar on the availability of nitrogen and potassium for plants in acidic soils and under humid conditions, as well as the impact of biochar on soil and trees in alkaline soils and under Mediterranean or drier conditions. Also, a full assessment of health hazards and environmental risks related to the production of biochar and its application in soil is required. Other questions relate to the environmental and economic costs of biochar application. Therefore, life cycle assessments and economic calculations should be conducted on a site-specific basis and include the practices of feedstock collection, transportation, processing, and spreading. International actions should regulate biochar practice as an eligible means for funding under the C finance mechanism. Specifically, payments should be provided to landowners for accomplishing ecosystem services.     

Mechanism of dichloromethane disproportionation over mesoporous TiO2 under low temperature

• Mechanism of DCM disproportionation over mesoporous TiO₂ was studied. • DCM was completely eliminated at 350℃ under 1 vol.% humidity. • Anatase (001) was the key for disproportionation. • A competitive oxidation route co-existed with disproportionation. • Disproportionation was favored at low temperature. Mesoporous TiO₂ was synthesized via nonhydrolytic template-mediated sol-gel route. Catalytic degradation performance upon dichloromethane over as-prepared mesoporous TiO₂, pure anatase and rutile were investigated respectively. Disproportionation took place over as-made mesoporous TiO₂ and pure anatase under the presence of water. The mechanism of disproportionation was studied by in situ FTIR. The interaction between chloromethoxy species and bridge coordinated methylenes was the key step of disproportionation. Formate species and methoxy groups would be formed and further turned into carbon monoxide and methyl chloride. Anatase (001) played an important role for disproportionation in that water could be dissociated into surface hydroxyl groups on such structure. As a result, the consumed hydroxyl groups would be replenished. In addition, there was another competitive oxidation route governed by free hydroxyl radicals. In this route, chloromethoxy groups would be oxidized into formate species by hydroxyl radicals transfering from the surface of TiO₂. The latter route would be more favorable at higher temperature.     

A review on anammox process for the treatment of antibiotic-containing wastewater: Linking effects with corresponding mechanisms

• Anammox is promising for nitrogen removal from antibiotic-containing wastewater. • Most antibiotics could inhibit the anammox performance and activity. • Antibiotic pressure promoted the increase in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). • Antibiotic-resistance mechanisms of anammox bacteria are speculated. Antibiotic is widely present in the effluent from livestock husbandry and the pharmaceutical industry. Antibiotics in wastewater usually have high biological toxicity and even promote the occurrence and transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, most antibiotic-containing wastewater contains high concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Improper treatment will lead to high risk to the surrounding environment and even human health. The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) with great economic benefit and good treatment effect is a promising process to remove nitrogen from antibiotic-containing wastewater. However, antibiotic inhibition has been observed in anammox applications. Therefore, a comprehensive overview of the single and combined effects of various antibiotics on the anammox system is conducted in this review with a focus on nitrogen removal performance, sludge properties, microbial community, antibiotic resistance genes and anammox-involved functional genes. Additionally, the influencing mechanism of antibiotics on anammox consortia is summarized. Remaining problems and future research needs are also proposed based on the presented summary. This review provides a better understanding of the influences of antibiotics on anammox and offers a direction to remove nitrogen from antibiotic-containing wastewater by the anammox process.     

接枝羧基淀粉对贵金属离子吸附性能研究

研究了接枝羧基淀粉（ＩＳＣ）对贵金属离子Ａｇ（Ⅰ）,Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｔ（Ⅳ）的静态吸附性能和选择性及介质的ＰＨ对其吸附性能的影响,利用接枝羧基淀粉与Ａｇ（Ⅰ）形成螯合物的红外光谱和Ｘ－射线光电子能谱数据（ＸＰＳ）探讨了其吸附作用机理。     

环境影响评价中公众参与机制和方法探讨

环境影响评价中的公众参与最早开始于发达国家。我国环境影响评价中公众参与借鉴了西方发达国家和国际金融组织的成功经验,同时又充分考虑了我国的国情。笔者探讨了环境影响评价公众参与的概念和内容,提出了我国公众参与的基本方法和机制。      

生态补偿机制及其对相关利益主体的影响

以建立和完善生态环境补偿机制的时代背景为出发点,在阐述生态补偿机制内涵的基础上,从政治生态学的角度分析生态补偿机制的运行对各相关利益主体的影响与作用,并对我国生态补偿机制的进一步完善提出对策建议。