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51.
The scientific literature regarding HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service) planning lacks a method for defining optimal sites for helipads that takes into account risk distribution and hospital location. Such a method could minimise overall rescue time in emergency situations. In this paper a method that supports the decisions taken by disaster planners and managers is developed, focusing on the quantification of necessary air resources for the management of some probable calamities. Given a region characterised by a natural and non-natural disaster risk map, along with a comprehensive transport system (also characterised by a risk map), a set of emergency destinations (hospitals), a set of heliports/helipads dislocated on the territory and a number of available HEMS rotorcraft, the aim of the paper is to assess the adequacy of the VTOL/FATO (Vertical Take-Off and Landing/Final Take-Off and Landing Area) system in order to deal with a set of possible emergencies. 相似文献
52.
Bunnell JE Tatu CA Bushon RN Stoeckel DM Brady AM Beck M Lerch HE McGee B Hanson BC Shi R Orem WH 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(6):577-587
In May and September, 2002, 14 private residential drinking water wells, one dewatering well at a lignite mine, eight surface
water sites, and lignite from an active coal mine were sampled in five Parishes of northwestern Louisiana, USA. Using a geographic
information system (GIS), wells were selected that were likely to draw water that had been in contact with lignite; control
wells were located in areas devoid of lignite deposits. Well water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, organic compounds,
and nutrient and anion concentrations. All samples were further tested for presence of fungi (cultures maintained for up to
28 days and colonies counted and identified microscopically) and for metal and trace element concentration by inductively-coupled
plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry. Surface water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen and presence
of pathogenic leptospiral bacteria. The Spearman correlation method was used to assess the association between the endpoints
for these field/laboratory analyses and incidence of cancer of the renal pelvis (RPC) based on data obtained from the Louisiana
Tumor Registry for the five Parishes included in the study. Significant associations were revealed between the cancer rate
and the presence in drinking water of organic compounds, the fungi Zygomycetes, the nutrients PO4 and NH3, and 13 chemical elements. Presence of human pathogenic leptospires was detected in four out of eight (50%) of the surface
water sites sampled. The present study of a stable rural population examined possible linkages between aquifers containing
chemically reactive lignite deposits, hydrologic conditions favorable to the␣leaching and transport of toxic organic compounds
from the lignite into the groundwater, possible microbial contamination, and RPC risk. 相似文献
53.
医疗垃圾是一种含有大量病菌、细菌及化学药剂的危险废物,它的随意排放和不当处理将造成严重的环境污染.危害人体健康。在此介绍了沈阳市拟建的医疗垃圾焚烧厂采用的两段回转窑焚烧炉处理技术的工艺流程、技术指标和设计要点。 相似文献
54.
55.
通过对微波消毒机理的研究,根据其节能、快速、污染小、消毒效果彻底等特点,提出了微波消毒技术适用于医疗废物集中处置工程,并且列举国际应用实例为证。通过对医疗废物微波处理技术标准、微波消毒适用范围、系统组成、安全与防护等方面对我国已颁布的《医疗废物微波消毒集中处理工程技术规范》(试行)(HJ/T229-2006)主要内容作了客观阐述,提出在我国目前《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》实施的情况下,医疗废物微波消毒处理法将与其它几种非焚烧处置法,共同作为医疗废物焚烧法的合理补充技术在中国应用,将有效地推进中国医疗废物处理进程。 相似文献
56.
医疗垃圾管理与处置方法研究 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
医疗垃圾是一类成分复杂并有特殊危害的废物,按照“从摇蓝到坟墓”的理论,分析探讨医疗垃圾产生、运输和处置各环节的管理方法和处理对策,并介绍焚烧法、高压消毒法等6种处理方法。 相似文献
57.
58.
针对医疗污水的水质及危害特点,对丹东市医疗机构产生的医疗污水排放及处理情况进行现状调查,并分析了医疗污水管理上存在的问题.结合丹东市实际情况,提出了丹东市医疗污水防治对策。 相似文献
59.
60.
Abimbola AF Kehinde-Phillips OO Olatunji AS 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(2):163-167
The aim of this study was to assess the heavy metal content of the dust generated by the Sagamu cement factory and its attendant
health hazards on the immediate environment, especially on the inhabitants of the area. A total of 25 samples were collected
and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Records of medical ailments associated with heavy
metal toxicity were also compiled from the Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital situated in the town.The results for some of
the selected heavy metals showed the following pattern: limestone: Cd (n.d.-1.7 ppm), Pb (42–48 ppm), Cu (3.0–11 ppm), Zn
(7.0–53 ppm) and Ni (3.0–8.0 ppm); shale: Cd (0.3–1.1 ppm), Pb (17–22 ppm), Cu (2.0–11 ppm), Zn (17–147 ppm) and Ni (3.0–18 ppm);
dusts: Cd (0.5–0.7 ppm), Pb (32–52 ppm), Cu (2–16 ppm), Zn (5–152 ppm) and Ni (2–17 ppm); soils: Cd (0.5–1.1 ppm), Pb (28–49 ppm),
Cu (22–35 ppm), Zn (43–69 ppm) and Ni (13.0–17 ppm). High levels of heavy metals were found in the rocks and soils. We propose
that the high levels of metals in the dust and soil were acquired from the raw materials used by the cement factory and from
active industrial discharge from this same factory. Medical records and the current health situation of the local residents
in the study area reveal that there have been increases in the prevalence of diseases linked to heavy metal toxicity in the
environment, especially those related to dust generation. 相似文献