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121.
M. Kassas 《The Environmentalist》2002,22(1):43-49
The Convention on Biological Diversity set conservation of biodiversity on the world agenda. Gaps in knowledge need to be addressed for actions to be effective and sustainable. Gaps include: species diversity, micro-organisms and their ecological roles, ecological and geographical status of species, human capacity to assess and forecast bio-ecological degradation. Requirements for global inventories call for worldwide collaboration. Criteria for setting priorities need to be formulated and agreed.Biodiversity in an eco-geographical region, the southern Mediterranean, is discussed as a case study. Outlines of national actions to contribute to world endeavor are outlined. 相似文献
122.
Sustainability has become an increasingly used term, but what does it mean in terms of practice. This research will look at
the harvesting of captured stormwater for the irrigation of urban playing fields and what the implications are for catchment
hydrology, local community, and local council. This research aims to identify, understand and determine the catchment conditions
that may hinder the stormwater quality and quantity for capture and reuse, as well as determining whether the stormwater harvesting
will be sustainable. Research methods for this project will include systemic analysis in order to further investigate the
assumptions being made in the study.
Manly Golf Club has relied on groundwater extraction supplemented by potable supplies for irrigation, however potable supplies
are no longer available. It has been proposed to provide irrigation supplies from stormwater via onsite storage and groundwater
recharge. Monitored stormwater entering the Golf Course from the adjacent Cemetery Creek sub-catchment for pollutants, have
indicated that it may be suitable for irrigation with treatment and may reduce problems generated by overuse of groundwater.
The proposal will provide environmental benefit through reduced pollution loads being discharged directly to receiving waters
and cessation of use of potable supplies by the Club. Social and economic benefits are expected to be gained and will be monitored
as part of an ongoing research program. 相似文献
123.
Sustainable development in the Mediterranean region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arab Hoballah 《Natural resources forum》2006,30(2):157-167
Considering its specific economic, social, environmental and political features, the status and evolution of the Mediterranean have always been of great interest to its countries and concerned partners. From the protection of the sea against pollution, the interest was progressively expanded to land based development and its impacts on environment, to coastal management and finally to sustainable development with the establishment of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD). Cumulated knowledge, coupled with political support and commitment to a common vision, has prepared the ground for the preparation of a regional strategy for sustainable development. Its preparatory process, coordinated by the MCSD Secretariat, has been very interactive, involving various stakeholders. The strategy, adopted in 2005, has raised awareness and induced the preparation of national sustainable development strategies. 相似文献
124.
文章通过对联合国环境署制订的用于工业废水处理项目中实施清洁发展机制(CDM)合格性识别的方法学进行分析,以及根据项目建议书和官方网站信息统计归纳的国外工业废水处理项目CDM开发的成功案例,并结合中国工业废水氧化塘处理法的现状情况,对中国工业废水尤其是高浓度有机废水处理中CDM项目开发机会进行了探索性的研究,提出在食品工业尤其是酒精废水、淀粉废水、酿酒废水的处理过程中开展CDM项目的可行性。以此对中国工业废水中CDM项目的未来开发情况进行了设想与建议。 相似文献
125.
How does agricultural intensification modulate changes in plant community composition? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura José-María José M. Blanco-MorenoLaura Armengot F. Xavier Sans 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,145(1):77-84
Agricultural intensification, at local and landscape scales, has caused a decrease in plant diversity and changes in species composition in cereal fields. To better understand the role of landscape complexity and farming systems in shaping plant assemblages, it is of interest to focus on functional traits rather than on floristic composition, which may help to highlight trends in vegetation patterns. We analysed the relative abundance of various functional attributes (different life forms, growth forms, wind-pollinated species and wind-dispersed species) at three contrasted field positions (boundary, edge and centre) of 29 organic and 29 conventional cereal fields distributed in 15 agrarian localities of NE Spain. Agricultural intensification affected the biological attributes of the vegetation in dryland Mediterranean cereal fields; local factors (farming system and position) had a more prominent role in affecting plant functional composition than the surrounding landscape. Local factors were important for life form distribution, growth form and pollination type, whereas landscape complexity mainly affected the proportion of wind-dispersed species. Therefore, depending on the objective of the study, it is important to select functional attributes sensitive to the different scales of agricultural intensification, especially because landscape complexity and land-use intensity are commonly related. 相似文献
126.
Félix J. González-EstébanezSergio García-Tejero Patricia Mateo-Tomás Pedro P. Olea 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):262-270
Irrigation effects on biodiversity are poorly known, particularly in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems. In this study we analyzed irrigation effects on butterfly species richness, abundance and diversity as well as on species composition in a farmed landscape under Mediterranean climate. The study area consisted of four contiguous agricultural sub-areas with a decreasing degree of intensification: irrigated, mixed (dry and irrigated), dry and environmentally protected (i.e. Special Protection Area, SPA) dry farmland. Forty one km-transects (ten per sub-area) were searched for butterflies in 2008 and 2009. Contrary to expectations, species richness (alfa, beta and gamma diversity) was highest in both years in the most intensified sub-area (i.e. irrigated) followed by SPA, dry and mixed sub-areas. Landscape characteristics accounted for most of the between-subareas differences in species richness. Species richness was negatively related to mean field size at the landscape level and positively related to the number of trees and large shrubs along transects. Therefore, the higher number of butterfly species recorded in the irrigated farmland could be due to a more complex landscape. In contrast, butterfly abundance was highest in cereal steppes (i.e. dry and SPA sub-areas), with abundance being negatively affected by mean field size. Inter-annual change in butterfly abundance was much sharper in rainfed (i.e. dry and SPA) than in irrigated (i.e. irrigated and mixed) sub-areas. Irrigated farmland may provide more favorable conditions for butterflies by buffering the (year-to-year and summer) drought periods characterising Mediterranean climate. Species composition differed among sub-areas, with differences being partly explained by field size and number of trees and shrubs along transects. Our study suggest an important role of landscape characteristics in boosting butterfly biodiversity in intensively managed irrigated croplands and emphasizes the importance of encouraging studies on farmland butterfly diversity in different (bioclimatic) regions allowing the design of region-specific agri-environmental schemes. 相似文献
127.
To examine treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon with poor biodegradability, a typical wastewater lagoon in Tianjin,
China, was treated and remedied using microelectrolysis and modified demand aeration tank (DAT)/intermittent aeration tank (IAT)
methods. After pretreatment by microelectrolysis, the removal e ciency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was up to 64.6% and
the ratio of BOC/COD in the e uent increased from 0.013 to 0.609. The removal rates of CODCr and NH+4 -N were a ected by sludge
backflow rate, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the modified DAT/IAT reactor. The highest
removal rates of CODCr and NH+4 -N were up to 78.9% and 62.6%, respectively, when the sludge backflow rate was 38.0 mL/min, the
total HRT was 8.0 hr and MLSS was 4088.0 mg/L. In this case, some protozoa and metazoa were observed in activated sludge and
biofilm carriers. Most of chrominance was removed by microelectrolysis treatment, while the modified DAT/IAT methods were more
e ective for CODCr and NH+4 -N removal. 相似文献
128.
Stefano Raccanelli Vladimiro Bonamin Pietro Tundo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(3):125-129
Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima
Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities
based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry
land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and
the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a
level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades. 相似文献
129.
Linked river basin and coastal water models were applied to analyse the effects of an optimal nitrogen management scenario
in the Oder/Odra river basin on water quality in the Oder (Szczecin) Lagoon and the Pomeranian Bay (Baltic Sea). This scenario
would reduce nitrogen loads into the coastal waters by about 35%, a level which is similar to the load of the late 1960’s.
During summer the primary production and algae biomass in the Oder estuary is limited by nitrogen, which makes a nitrogen
management reasonable. The comparison of the late 1960’s and the mid 1990’s shows that an optimal nitrogen management has
positive effects on coastal water quality and algae biomass. However, this realistic nitrogen reduction scenario would not
ensure a good coastal water quality according to the European Water Framework Directive. A good water quality in the river
will not be sufficient to ensure a good water quality in the lagoon. Nitrogen load reductions bear the risk of increased potentially
toxic, blue-green algae blooms, especially in the Baltic coastal sea. However, to reach water quality improvements in lagoons
and inner coastal waters, nitrogen cuts are necessary. A mere focus on phosphorus is not sufficient. 相似文献
130.
Nayar S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):53-68
Temporal and spatial variations in particulate organic carbon (POC) in relation to primary production, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin, plankton abundance, secondary production and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were studied monthly for 1
year from April 1996 to March 1997 in a shallow tropical coastal lagoon on the southwest coast of India. Though temporal variations
in all components were significant, spatial variabilities were not statistically significant. POC values range from 200 to
5690 mg C m3 h−1, while primary production, chlorophyll a, and phaeophytin varied between 0.02 and 14.53 mg C m−3 h−1, 0.87 and 23.11 mg m−3 and 3.02 and 30.581 mg m−3, respectively. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance varied from 0.01 to 655.5×105 no m−3 and negligible to 7.08×105 no m−3 respectively; secondary production from 10 to 490 mg C m−3 and SPM between 0.38 and 74.43×104 mg m−3 during this study. Temporally, postmonsoon months were observed to have the highest concentrations of POC in the lagoon waters.
The bulk of the POC pool in the lagoon was composed of secondary producers (72%), followed by chlorophyll a (21%), phaeophytin (7%) and suspended particulate matter of inorganic origin (< 0.1%). 相似文献