MBR-RO组合工艺深度处理高碳高氮废水的研究

采用A/O-MBR/RO工艺深度处理模拟高碳高氮废水,考察了不同进水的COD/N对有机物和氨氮去除效果的影响,并且 深入考察反渗透膜的污染特性结果表明,A/O-MBR能够实现95.6％的有机污染物去除率,反渗透的出水水质指标TOC<0.9mg·^-1、TN<12.65mg·L^-1、总硬度<0.038 mol·L、总碱度<14.6mg·L^-1,达到了城镇污水回用级标准.COD/N对有机物去除率影响不大,但影响总氮的脱除过程当COD/N的平均值为10.2时,总氮的去除主要通过好氧区内同步硝化反硝化过程完成,总氮的平均去除率为89.4％;当COD/N的平均值为7.1、5.6时,总氮的去除主要通过传统的硝化反硝化和同步硝化反硝化共同完成,总氮的平均去除率分别为72％、74％通过扫描电镜观察了反渗透膜污染的状态,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱测定了膜污染物质的红外吸收光谱,指出膜污染的主要污染物是A/O-MBR出水中的溶解性微生物产物     

Fatty acid fouling of forward osmosis membrane: Effects of pH, calcium, membrane orientation, initial permeate flux and foulant composition

Octanoic acid (OA) was selected to represent fatty acids in effluent organic matter (EOM). The effects of feed solution (FS) properties, membrane orientation and initial permeate flux on OA fouling in forward osmosis (FO) were investigated. The undissociated OA formed a cake layer quickly and caused the water flux to decline significantly in the initial 0.5 hr at unadjusted pH 3.56; while the fully dissociated OA behaved as an anionic surfactant and promoted the water permeation at an elevated pH of 9.00. Moreover, except at the initial stage, the sudden decline of water flux (meaning the occurrence of severe membrane fouling) occurred in two conditions: 1. 0.5 mmol/L Ca^2 +, active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) and 1.5 mol/L NaCl (DS); 2. No Ca^2 +, active layer-facing FS (AL-FS) and 4 mol/L NaCl (DS). This demonstrated that cake layer compaction or pore blocking occurred only when enough foulants were absorbed into the membrane surface, and the water permeation was high enough to compact the deposit inside the porous substrate. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a co-foulant. The water flux of both co-foulants was between the fluxes obtained separately for the two foulants at pH 3.56, and larger than the two values at pH 9.00. This manifested that, at pH 3.56, BSA alleviated the effect of the cake layer caused by OA, and OA enhanced BSA fouling simultaneously; while at pH 9.00, the mutual effects of OA and BSA eased the membrane fouling.     

SPG膜表面润湿性对膜污染和化学耐受性的影响

SPG膜微气泡曝气系统可应用于废水好氧处理,SPG膜污染以及其对化学清洗的耐受性是影响其应用的重要因素.本研究在采用在线化学清洗的微气泡曝气生物膜反应器中,考察了SPG膜表面性质对膜污染及化学耐受性的影响.结果表明,在长期运行过程中,SPG膜表面润湿性对膜污染和化学耐受性具有明显影响.膜表面污染层主要是有机污染,而疏水性膜抗有机污染能力较强.使用在线化学清洗时,碱性次氯酸钠溶液对亲水性膜腐蚀严重,膜孔径和孔隙率显著增大.疏水性膜抗碱性次氯酸钠溶液化学腐蚀能力较强,膜孔结构仅有轻微改变,但是疏水性膜表面疏水官能团易被氧化,使得膜表面润湿性下降.同时,疏水性膜在氧传质、污染物去除和降低能耗等方面具有优势.因此,疏水性SPG膜适用于微气泡曝气废水好氧生物处理.     

厌氧微网分离反应器（AMSB）系统运行优化研究

对厌氧微网分离反应器进行运行优化研究,AMSB对污染物的去除主要依靠微网对颗粒性污染物的截留实现的,对溶解性污染物的去除并不理想.随着HRT延长,COD去除率略有增加;污泥颗粒化有助于降低膜污染速率;加温并不能显著提高污染物去除效果,但却加重了膜污染;增加搅拌增强了AMSB内部的传质作用,污染物去除率得到提升的同时,膜污染速率显著加快;综合污染物去除、微网抗污染能力和运行维护等方面,最终选择升流式作为推荐的AMSB构型.     

SMBR法处理印染废水的膜污染减缓方法研究

针对SMBR法处理印染废水膜污染进行研究,从减缓膜污染的角度出发,通过实验得到了针对实验系统的膜污染的几个影响因素,确定了系统的临界压力和临界通量,并证明在临界压力和通量下膜污染明显减缓;膜组件倾斜于30°放置,压力增长缓慢;系统在临界压力0.015 MPa左右进行空曝气时,膜通量恢复了43%。     

超滤膜污染和清洗方法的研究

本文以牛血清蛋白为料液,用酸、碱和表面活性剂作为清洗剂,对聚砜、聚丙烯腈等四种不同材质的超滤膜进行了污染和清洗实验,同时还研究了不同ＰＨ值对膜清洗效果的影响,结果表明,对于季铵化聚砚膜,用ＮａＯＨ清洗效果较好,丙烯腈膜以ＨＣｌ清洗效果为好;Ｐ天等电点附近,容易引起吸附