水和废水中硫化物测定预处理装置的改进

本文对亚甲基分光光度法测定水质硫化物的预处理装置进行了改进。实验结果表明改进的预处理装置效果与GB／T16489--1996等同，装置简单，操作简便、快速,吹气吸收效果好。     

New insights into the benefits of flood warnings: Results from a household survey in England and Wales

The flood defence agency in England and Wales has been pursuing a programme of flood warning system enhancement, engaging householders at risk in improving their warning responses. The immediate aim of this paper is to test and revise a model of economic benefits of warnings, but the survey data also generate insights into the constraints acting upon flood warning responses. Damage saving is less than previously anticipated: warning reliability and householder availability problems limit savings. Warnings are less likely to be received by those in lower social grades, and flood warning lead time is a factor in avoiding damage. The survey data indicate the complexities involved in improving flood warning response, and provide policy pointers.     

我校年鉴编纂的问题与对策

年鉴编纂是学校教育事业发展的一项基本建设。年鉴的体例结构和内容都应该不断的改进和创新,提高年鉴的编纂质量,为学校的建设和发展服务。     

Comprehension and memory for warning symbols: age-related differences and impact of training

Problem: Prior research indicates that many warning symbols are poorly understood, particularly by the elderly. Method: The effectiveness of three different training conditions to improve comprehension and memory for warning symbols was assessed for younger (18–35 years of age) and older (50–67 years of age) participants. All three conditions paired the symbols with associated text during training; however they differed in the extent to which they further elaborated on the meanings of the symbols. Results: Training substantially improved accuracy and speed of responding on a comprehension test; however there was little difference among conditions. Additionally, while the magnitude of the training effect was similar for both age groups, older participants performed much more poorly than younger participants, both before (37% vs. 52% correct) and after training (68% vs. 88% correct on the immediate post-test), and found it more difficult to reject incorrect meanings (55% vs. 68% correct). Conclusion: Relatively simple training conditions can dramatically improve accuracy and speed of responding to warning symbols. Impact on industry: Training should be used to improve warning symbol comprehension since failures to adequately understand warning information may lead to injury or death. Furthermore, attempts should be made to address individual differences in warning processing such as those related to changes in cognitive processing across the lifespan.     

WATER YIELD IMPROVEMENT BY VEGETATION MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: Vegetation management aimed at increasing the amount of usable water yield from precipitation falling on upstream watersheds may be one alternative for supplementing water supplies. Indications are that water yields can be increased within a multiple-use framework, which can benefit or at least be compatible with other natural resource objectives. Through changes in vegetation on a watershed, it is possible to reduce evaporation losses only slightly but significantly increase streamflow runoff. In an assessment of potentials for water yield improvement in Arizona, experimental studies on various vegetation zones are reviewed. Because of either limited acreage or limited rainfall, the alpine, grassland, aspen, and desert shrub vegetation zones are not realistic management areas for Arizona. Furthermore, manipulation of pinyon-juniper woodlands does not appear promising at this time. Conversion of chaparral to grasses and forbs does appear to be a possible treatment for water yield improvement, as well as various silvicultural treatments of mixed conifer and ponderosa pine forests. Streamflow increases are given for experiments in chaparral, mixed conifer, and ponderosa pine vegetation zones. However, complete information on possible constraints for these zones is not currently available. Specific assessment of water yield management options for riparian vegetation is difficult to make, due to incomplete knowledge of water yield changes and other constraints for this vegetation zone. Prior to the final adoption of management practices, results of experimental work must be coupled with economic and social considerations.     

考虑非独立保护层影响的LOPA改进策略研究

针对LOPA在识别保护层方面的局限性,通过考虑非独立保护层的影响,将非独立保护层分为不满足有效性与不满足独立性2类进行分析,针对不同类型的非独立保护层分别应用引入削减系数以及与故障树分析（FTA）集成的方法对传统LOPA进行改进,并结合具体案例验证其适用性。研究结果表明:改进方法的计算结果较传统方法计算结果降低了1个数量级,避免了传统方法过于保守的评价结果;通过对传统方法的改进,克服了LOPA在识别保护层方面以及场景频率计算方面的局限性,有助于拓展其使用范围。     

干旱半干旱区湖泊水质改善效果模拟

湖泊及其周边湿地是人类生活、栖息的主要场所,被称为大自然的肾脏,对于面积约占中国国土总面积三分之一的干旱半干旱地区显得更为重要.湖泊作为人们直接利用的自然资源,在开发利用过程中其水体水质将受到不同程度的影响.文章以乌梁素海为例,在分析乌梁素海水环境污染的基础上确定水质改善措施,并运用MIKE3软件对措施实施后乌梁素海水质改善效果进行预测模拟,为乌梁素海开展水污染治理工作提供科学依据.     

大型活动风险管理持续改进体系构建

由于大型活动本身的临时性,使其风险管理具有特定的困难。笔者在分析大型活动风险管理现状、特性及问题的基础上,探索其持续改进的途径,构建大型活动风险管理持续改进体系,将风险评估、风险防范、风险处置和监测审核环节进行联结,并对利益主体以及活动支撑方的安全责任进行阐述。体系中的公安机关应该发挥主导作用,组织评价机构、大型活动主办单位以及场地提供方等利益相关方,补足监测评审环节,实现持续改进管理闭环。以常州市为例,紧抓大型活动当地承办方和安保2支稳定队伍进行风险管理持续改进,并规范化风险管理流程,可有效保障大型活动安全。     

事故调查报告中事故原因分析的改进*——基于企业事故案例学习视角

为进一步提高我国事故调查报告的质量,更好地满足企业对事故案例学习的需要,通过案例分析事故调查报告中事故原因部分存在的问题及其原因,并在此基础上提出采用事故致因理论来改进事故调查报告的思路;应用24Model改进天嘉宜化工有限公司“3·21”特别重大爆炸事故的事故原因分析,以此来验证本文思路的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明,使用事故致因理论能够更加科学地归纳事故原因,增强措施的针对性和可操作性,可有效改善事故调查报告的质量。     

生态修复技术在富营养化水库水质改善中的应用研究

2006年初对广东省大镜山水库实施了生态修复工程,工程运行一年后,对该生态修复工程的效果进行了分析,结果表明：生态修复技术实施一年后,大镜山水库富营养化水平明显降低。与进水口（C区）相比,生态修复工程区（A、B区）透明度增加,氮、磷营养盐含量都有不同程度的降低。生态修复工程区TN、NH4-N与C区同期比最大降幅分别达19.6%、90.4%,TP、PO4-P同期比最大降幅分别达49.5%、67.5%,同时生态修复工程区内的叶绿素浓度也明显低于C区。