宝鸡市麟游县煤矿区周边农田土壤重金属污染安全评价

文章选取麟游县的北马坊煤矿、郭家河煤矿和北王煤矿为研究区域,对其周边的农田土壤进行野外采样和室内分析,测定Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、Cd、Hg、As 7种重金属的污染状况。结果表明:测定的7种重金属元素的最大值均超过了陕西省土壤背景值和当地的土壤环境背景值。单因子污染指数评价得出,三矿区周边的土壤Hg元素的污染较严重,局部地区已经达到了重度污染;综合污染指数法评价得出,三矿区均达到了中度到重度污染水平,其中北王煤矿污染水平较高;地质累积指数法评价得出,三矿区Hg元素的累积程度属于中度污染到强污染等级,Cd元素次之。因此3矿区周边的耕地土壤已不同程度的受到重金属的污染,相关部门应该采取一定的措施治理该区的土壤。     

肾移植患者社会支持对其心理健康影响的研究进展

综述了影响肾移植患者心理健康的原因以及社会支持与心理健康的相关性,并探讨通过社会支持提高肾移植患者心理健康水平的途径.从而提示护理工作者在工作中应尽可能调动肾移植患者本人、家庭成员及社会的主观能动性,以提高肾移植患者的心理健康水平.     

Comparison of PCDD/PCDF levels in soil, grass, cow''s milk, human blood and spruce needles in an area of PCDD/PCDF contamination through emissions from a metal reclamation plant

When in the vicinity of a metal reclamation plant in Tyrol, Austria, increased PCDD/PCDF levels were found in soil and spruce needles, the extent of grass contamination as well as the PCDD/PCDF content in milk of cows fed with hay from this area was determined. The milk samples showed a significant increase in PCDD/PCDF levels compared to control samples. In a blood sample of a farmer a significant increase in PCDD/PCDF levels was found. Correlations in PCDD/PCDF levels between soil, spruce needles, grass, cow's milk and human blood will be presented.     

金属镁废渣在循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫中的应用

金属镁废渣中含有52．4％的CaO,9．27％的MgO,溶于水后生成强碱Ca（OH）2与Mg（OH）2,烟气中需脱除的SO2溶于水后生成H2SO3,H2SO3与Ca（OH）2和Mg（OH）2在脱硫塔中发生酸碱中和反应,生成石膏等稳定无污染物质。     

焦作矿区煤矸石山周围土壤和玉米作物重金属污染研究

以焦作演马矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆放对周围土壤和玉米作物造成的重金属污染。根据当地地形地貌在矸石堆周围呈放射状布设3条采样线,用HCl-HNO3-HF—HClO4全分解法和HNO3-HClO4湿法消解土壤和玉米样品,检测土壤和玉米（叶、茎和籽）中主要有害重金属元素（Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn）。研究表明：土壤和玉米中Pb和Zn含量超标,且距离矸石堆由近及远土壤和玉米作物中重金属含量呈下降趋势,重金属在玉米作物不同部位的富集能力表现为叶中最高,茎次之,籽最低。     

Improving the environmental performance of machine-tools: influence of technology and throughput on the electrical energy consumption of a press-brake

Machine-tools have been identified as one of the main energy-using products to be analyzed in an Ecodesign perspective, targeting the reduction of their environmental impact. Following this, machine-tool manufacturers are committed to anticipate eminent regulations and are looking for guidelines to improve their products on an effective and low-cost manner. This paper describes part of the energy consumption study followed in the frame of the Ecodesign of a commercial press-brake. All-hydraulic and all-electric commercially available systems, of different capacities and working in real production scenarios, have been included. From this study, a preliminary version of an LCI dataset for the bending process is proposed, structured in technology, machine capacity and usage mode categories, and using the bending cycle as the reference unit. The energy consumption per category was estimated based on a specific process energy model built as a function of the referred parameters. The contribution of the respective machine-tool structure to the environmental impact of the machining process is to be included, targeting the completion of such machining unit process dataset. The full LCA of an all-hydraulic system revealed the significant contribution of the machine-tool structure to the global life-cycle environmental impact of the machine (about 40%), while electricity during use phase contributes with about 46% to the total impact. This contradicts the general results published for other metal and non-metal forming processes, and is understood to be related with the discrete loading character of such forming processes here discussed.     

云南酸控区土壤重金属释放特征及潜在风险

研究了云南省酸雨控制区3种土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Cu在模拟酸雨淋溶作用下的释放特征,并进行了酸雨淋溶前后的潜在风险评价.结果表明,重金属在模拟酸雨作用下很快溶出,约30 h后趋于平稳,3种重金属Pb、Zn、Cu最大累计释放量分别为102.32、52.19和70.54 mg/kg.不同pH下重金属的溶出趋势基本相同,重金...     

Study of metal accumulation in wild plants using principal component analysis and ionic impulsions

The objective of this work is to apply principal component analysis (PCA) and ionic impulsions to the study of the accumulation and uptake of metals in wild plants. Soil samples were taken in three locations and the following plant species were selected: Poa, Pteridium aquilinum, Diplotaxis, Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens. After determining contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Cd and Fe in the plant samples and in the soils, principal component analysis was carried out for plant data treatment. Sample position maps revealed that there was no substantial differences among samples when plant species or sampling locations were used as a criteria. As the factors obtained by PCA only correlated with one or two variables, the study of accumulation patterns of metals was carried out by using ionic impulsions. The presence of large amounts of pollutants (like Cd, Cr) in plants is related to a greater assimilation of essential micronutrients in order to counteract the influence of the pollutants.     

Metal accumulation risks in regularly flooded and non-flooded parts of floodplains of the River Rhine: Extractability and exposure through the food chain

Ecotoxicological risks of sediment contamination in floodplains are supposed to be highest in the regularly flooded parts. Therefore, in risk assessments, the non-flooded parts are neglected or considered to be reference areas. We investigated the metal extractability and levels in important food sources for vertebrates, viz. grass shoots and earthworms, in flooded as well as non-flooded parts and compared these with total metal concentrations. A comparison of these areas in the moderately polluted ‘Afferdensche en Deestsche Waarden’ floodplains along the River Rhine showed that total Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations were highest in the regularly flooded parts. However, CaCl₂-extractable Zn concentrations were highest in non-flooded areas, and those of Pb and Cd were equal in both areas. Total Cu concentrations were not significantly different between the two areas, but CaCl₂-extractable Cu concentrations were highest in the regularly flooded areas. The metal concentrations in grass shoots of non-flooded areas were equal to (Zn, Cu, Cd) or higher than (Pb) those in regularly flooded areas. Zn concentrations in earthworms in regularly flooded areas were higher, but concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Cd were not. Ecotoxicological risk assessments require analysis of the total and potentially bioavailable metal concentrations in soils as well as concentrations in biota. This study shows that the less contaminated non-flooded areas in moderately polluted floodplains cannot be neglected in metal accumulation studies and cannot be used as pristine reference areas.