宝鸡铅锌冶炼厂周围大气降尘中重金属污染研究

为了研究宝鸡铅锌冶炼厂周围大气降尘中重金属元素的浓度含量、来源以及污染现状。利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了大气降尘中的重金属元素的浓度,并且应用数据的多元统计方法和地质累积污染指数法对降尘中重金属元素的来源和污染程度进行评价分析。结果表明:铅锌冶炼厂周围大气降尘中重金属元素有4种主要重金属元素均超出中国、当地土壤背景值,其中Pb、Cd达到了重污染。     

重金属离子对生物污泥活性的抑制

研究了工业废水中常见的Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)七种重金属离子对生物污泥的抑制作用。发现其抑制的机理各不相同,前五种为不可逆抑制,污泥经过洗涤,活性不易恢复,而后二种为可逆抑制,污泥洗涤后,活性能基本恢复。试验还发现,几种金属离子同时存在时,抑制性比单一金属离子强。金属离子会在污泥中积聚,因此,即使废水中浓度很低,长期接触也会使生物污泥活性降低。     

酸化超滤法和螯合超滤法回收再利用SDS胶团

以含Cd²⁺的浓缩废液为对象,考察了不同的酸化剂、螯合剂、pH值、操作模式对Cd²⁺的分离、SDS胶团的回收和再利用效果的影响.结果表明,酸化超滤法最适宜的回收条件为:硫酸作为酸化剂,pH值为1.0,间歇式操作,此条件下,浓缩废液中Cd²⁺分离率和SDS胶团回收率分别为98.0%和58.1%,回收的SDS胶团再次应用到MEUF中处理含Cd²⁺废水,Cd²⁺去除率仍有80.2%;螯合超滤法最适宜的回收条件为:EDTA作为螯合剂,不控制pH值(pH=4.4),间歇式操作,此条件下,Cd²⁺分离率和SDS胶团回收率分别为90.1%和60.5%,再次应用到MEUF中处理含Cd²⁺废水,Cd²⁺去除率达到79.4%.     

羧甲基壳聚糖与其他缓蚀剂的协同缓蚀效能

采用电化学测试方法研究了羧甲基壳聚糖与铬酸钠、葡萄糖酸钙、硫酸锌、海藻酸钠及钼酸铵分别复配的协同缓蚀性能。实验结果表明:常温下羧甲基壳聚糖和铬酸钠复配能起到很好的协同作用;与葡萄糖酸钙在常温和40℃下都不适宜进行复配使用;与硫酸锌在40℃有较好的协同作用,而在60℃下协同缓蚀作用不明显,有较多的絮凝沉淀物生成;与海藻酸钠在60℃高温下协同缓蚀效果不好;在常温和60℃下,与钼酸铵能够发生螯合作用,协同缓蚀作用不明显,不适合复配。     

Removal of metal ions from the complexed solutions in fixed bed using a strong-acid ion exchange resin

Fixed bed removal of equimolar metal ions (Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Sr²⁺) from aqueous solutions using a strong-acid resin was examined. The solution contained a water-soluble complexing agent including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and citric acid. Experiments were performed under different solution pH and molar concentration ratios of complexing agent to the total metals. It was shown from batch studies that the equilibrium exchange of metals and the resin mainly depended on solution pH, and partly on the type of complexing agent used. A mass transfer model was proposed to describe the breakthrough curves of the resin bed, which contained two parameters (τ and k) estimated from the observed breakthrough data. The calculated breakthrough curves agreed well with the measured ones (standard deviation <6%). In fixed bed tests at low pH (=2), the type of complexing agent had little effect on the breakthrough data. For a given complexing agent, the metal with a larger overall formation constant (K_f) showed a smaller exchange capacity. For a given metal ion, the complexing agent with a larger K_f also revealed a smaller exchange capacity.     

Effects of selected metal oxides on the dechlorination and destruction of PCDD and PCDF

OCDD and OCDF spiked silica/graphite based model fly ash containing various copper compounds and metal oxides were thermally treated under oxygen deficient conditions. All copper compounds tested showed a considerable dechlorination/hydrogenation reaction at 260 °C. After 30 min at 340 °C, less than 1% of the spiked OCDD and OCDF was recovered as T₄CDD/F to OCDD/F. Other compounds tested demonstrated a lower rate of dechlorination compared to the copper compounds. However, all other metal oxides showed a small dechlorination effect at 260 °C, which was considerably increased at 340 °C.

The model fly ash containing the different copper compounds or metal oxides showed comparable PCDD and PCDF isomer patterns after thermal treatment. However, small differences were observed among the different tested compounds. The PCDD and PCDF isomer patterns on the model fly ashes were similar to patterns found during dechlorination experiments on fly ashes from waste incineration processes.

Model fly ash containing Ca(OH)₂ exhibited the highest destruction potential, but a low dechlorination potential. In contrast, model fly ash containing any of the remaining compounds tested, was found to predominantly dechlorinate the spiked OCDD and OCDF.     

Soil metal concentrations and productivity of Betula populifolia (gray birch) as measured by field spectrometry and incremental annual growth in an abandoned urban Brownfield in New Jersey

A forested brownfield within Liberty State Park, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA, has soils with arsenic, chromium, lead, zinc and vanadium at concentrations above those considered ambient for the area. Using both satellite imagery and field spectral measurements, this study examines plant productivity at the assemblage and individual specimen level. Longer term growth trends (basal area increase in tree cores) were also studied. Leaf chlorophyll content within the hardwood assemblage showed a threshold model for metal tolerance, decreasing significantly beyond a soil total metal load (TML) of 3.0. Biomass production (calculated with RG - Red/Green Ratio Index) in Betula populifolia (gray birch), the co-dominant tree species, had an inverse relationship with the Zn concentration in leaf tissue during the growing season. Growth of B. populifolia exhibited a significant relationship with TML. Assemblage level NDVI and individual tree NDVI also had significant decreases with increasing TML. Ecosystem function measured as plant production is impaired at a critical soil metal load.     

Strategies for the enhancement of automobile shredder residues (ASRs) recycling: Results and cost assessment

With reference to the European regulation about the management of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs), Directive 2000/53/EC imposes the achievement of a recycling target of 85%, and 95% of total recovery by 2015. Over the last few years many efforts have been made to find solutions to properly manage the waste coming from ELVs with the aim of complying with the targets fixed by the Directive.This paper focuses on the economical evaluation of a treatment process, that includes physical (size and density), magnetic and electrical separations, performed on the light fraction of the automobile shredder residue (ASR) with the aim of reducing the amount of waste to dispose of in a landfill and enhancing the recovery of valuable fractions as stated by the EU Directive. The afore mentioned process is able to enhance the recovery of ferrous and non-ferrous metals of an amount equal to about 1% b.w. (by weight) of the ELV weight, and to separate a high energetic-content product suitable for thermal valorization for an amount close to (but not higher than) 10% b.w. of the ELV weight.The results of the economical assessment led to annual operating costs of the treatment ranging from 300,000 €/y to 350,000 €/y. Since the considered plant treats about 13,500 metric tons of ASR per year, this would correspond to an operating cost of approximately 20–25 €/t. Taking into account the amount and the selling price of the scrap iron and of the non magnetic metal recovered by the process, thus leading to a gain of about 30 €/t per ton of light ASR treated, the cost of the recovery process is balanced by the profit from the selling of the recovered metals. On the other hand, the proposed treatment is able to achieve the fulfillment of the targets stated by Directive 2000/53/EC concerning thermal valorization and reduce the amount of waste generated from ELV shredding to landfill.     

玄武湖表层沉积物间隙水与上覆水中微量金属的含量及相关性研究

应用ICP-AES对南京市玄武湖表层沉积物间隙水和上覆水中的金属元素进行定量测试,并对间隙水和上覆水中的金属离子浓度进行了相关性分析。结果表明,大部分间隙水中的金属离子浓度高于上覆水,且在两者中不具有相同的浓度分布趋势;相关性分析表明,除Mn外,其它元素在间隙水和上覆水中的浓度无明显相关性,但是Fe和Mn与其它金属元素之间存在明显的相关性。     

乳状液膜法处理含金属离子废水的研究现状和进展

介绍了液膜分离原理及其工艺流程，重点阐述液膜分离技术在处理含金属离子废水提取稀土金属的研究现状和进展。结果认为，该技术具有高效、快速、节能特点，分离和提取无机金属离子能够达到资源回收和环境保护双重效果。