喷水金属丝网除尘效率与阻力关系的实验研究

仅依靠金属丝网的过滤作用除尘，其效率非常低，若与喷水结合，效率将大大提高。设计高效喷水金属丝网过滤装置的关键是确定其除尘效率。影响喷水金属丝网除尘效率的因素非常复杂，故直接由这些参数设计计算喷水金属丝网除尘效率是非常困难的，有时甚至是不可能的。阻力测试计算简单，采用量纲分析、实验研究、回归分析相结合的方法，给出了喷水金属丝网除尘效率与阻力关系式，根据阻力关系式间接计算出效率，并可简化设计程序，促进该技术的推广应用。     

The transport of Cu and Zn from agricultural soils to surface water in a small catchment

Long-term manure-borne copper and zinc inputs (18-324 mg Cu m⁻² yr⁻¹ and 100-800 mg Zn m⁻² yr⁻¹) to grassland soils resulted in their catchment in water concentrations that often exceeded the surface water quality criteria (2 μg Cu l⁻¹ and 5 μg Zn l⁻¹). This paper compares retention and release of Cu and Zn by two types of soil, a mineral soil (MS) and a dark colored soil rich in organic matter (OS). On the basis of dry soil mass, the OS has a higher retention/affinity for Cu and Zn than the MS, but much less Zn accumulated in the MS when compared on an areal basis. This is largely because of the much smaller bulk OS density and larger dissolved metal concentrations in the OS drainage than that for the MS. However, because of the greater water retention capacity of the OS, elevated metal concentrations in the soil solution do not necessarily cause greater loss to water. It is concluded that artificially drained OS can contribute significantly to the observed elevated Cu and Zn concentrations of the river, especially during relatively dry weather conditions when the contribution of water seeping from OS to the total river water discharge becomes increasingly important.     

Selective binding of uranyl cation by a novel calmodulin peptide

A 33-amino acid peptide corresponding to the helix-loop-helix motif of the calcium binding site I of the protein calmodulin from Paramecium Tetraurelia has been synthesized its binding properties with heavy metal ions have been studied. Herein, we demonstrate that two mutations of two aspartic acid residues in the peptide sequence gave access to a new peptide, which was selective for the uranyl ion UO₂ ²⁺. This new peptide can be useful for the development of selective uranyl biosensors to monitor the presence of uranium in contaminated environments.     

一种集成工艺处理重金属废水工程实践

采用化学还原+重金属捕集+气浮过滤组合工艺处理重金属废水。结果表明:处理后的出水水质中重金属等各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—2002)所规定的一级水质排放标准,COD去除率达到40%以上,同时此工艺在工程实践中取得了最佳工艺参数,可为类似工程提供参考。     

改性聚乙烯亚胺捕集和回收水中的Cu2+

为提高含铜废水的处理效果及简化处理流程,采用CS₂、NaOH对聚乙烯亚胺进行改性,制备出一种新型高分子絮凝剂--PEX（聚乙烯亚胺基黄原酸钠）.以含Cu2+水样为处理对象,探讨了初始ρ（Cu2+）、pH、共存无机物质、有机物质以及浊度对PEX捕集Cu2+性能的影响,并考察了螯合絮体中Cu2+的回收情况.结果表明:PEX对含Cu2+水样具有很好的捕集性能,Cu2+去除率最高可达到100%;PEX对Cu2+的去除效果随着水样初始pH的升高而增强,但pH位于PEX等电点处时,Cu2+去除率有所降低.在较低的PEX投加量下,水样中共存的NaCl、CaCl₂、NaNO₃、Na₂SO₄、柠檬酸、焦磷酸钠对PEX去除Cu2+均可起到促进作用,而共存的EDTA、氨基乙酸、浊度对PEX去除Cu2+具有一定的抑制作用;增加PEX投加量后,可减弱或消除上述影响.螯合絮体采用HNO₃溶液进行静态浸泡30 d后,Cu的回收率可达100%.研究显示,PEX能有效去除和回收水样中的Cu2+.      

欧盟重金属污染防治历程及启示

通过综合学习借鉴发达国家不同历史阶段污染防治的历程与积累的经验,有助于我国在比较的视野中正确认识我国重金属污染防治中存在的问题,以及学习借鉴他国的经验教训,探索属于自己的跨越式发展道路,包括污染防治政策制度设计、环境管理经验、各国的协调合作等。     

广西靖西县田七种植区土壤重金属的调查与分析

广西靖西县被誉为"田七之乡",为确保田七的生态安全,保证田七的药用价值和药材质量,对靖西县田七种植区土壤5种重金属(As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cd)污染状况进行调查分析,为靖西县田七的安全控制提供理论参考。通过野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,分析了靖西县9个不同的种植区土壤中5种重金属的含量。所调查的田七种植区3个乡9个村土壤重金属污染情况有一定的差异,与国家土壤质量标准(GB15608-1995)对照分析,所调查的靖西县的新甲乡、武平乡、化垌乡种植田七的土壤重金属As、Pb、Hg未超过国家GB15618-1995(土壤环境质量标准)的二级标准,而所调查的靖西县田七种植区Cr、Cd超标率分别为66.7%和33.3%,总体上化垌乡的重金属含量较高,武平乡最低。     

Assessment of metals in soil extracts and their uptake and movement within Tamarix nilotica at Lake Nasser banks, Egypt

This study aims to determine heavy-metal levels in soil from the banks of Lake Nasser, the ability of Tamarix nilotica to accumulate such metals from soil and hence its potential for phytoextraction. Soil and Tamarix samples were collected from the banks of four bights around Lake Nasser and analysed for Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb by atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas Na and K were measured by atomic emission spectrophotometry. Three different methods of extraction were used for the soil samples. Lead, copper and zinc were equally distributed between the exchangeable phase and Fe/Mn oxide-bound form, while other measured metals were mainly present in the Fe/Mn oxide fraction. With the exception of iron, all metals studied showed total concentrations within the geochemical background values. T. nilotica exhibited elevated concentrations of Na (36.2-48.5 mg g^-1) and K (2.74-4.33 mg g^-1) in stems, and relatively high concentrations of Pb, Cd and Co (0.39-1.03 µg g^-1, 0.24-1.3 µg g^-1 and 1.94-5.3 µg g^-1, respectively) are found in plant leaves. Bioaccumulation factors of Na and K (9.3 and 12.63, respectively) were high in T. nilotica stems. While the bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd, Co and Ni (2870.1, 2035.4, 10.5 and 5313.2, respectively) was high in plant leaves, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg were accumulated relatively equally in plant stems and leaves. T. nilotica was found to secrete high amounts of Na, Ca and K, in addition to small amounts of all accumulated metals except Cd and Cu. These secreted metals appeared as salt crystals (67.5% Na; 25.8% Ca; 5% Mg; 1.5% K and 0.16% trace and minor elements) on the plant surface. The concentrations of all the metals studied in T. nilotica were higher than in the salt crystals. Statistical analysis of the database suggests bioaccumulation of these metals from soil to T. nilotica. This reflects the importance of using T. nilotica as a model in the phytoremediation process as an established environmental clean-up technology.     

Metal prices and the business cycle

Metal price fluctuations have recently been of interest not only because of their cyclical volatility but also of their interaction with business cycles. A related issue is whether metal prices move together sufficiently to collectively reflect macroeconomic influences. Correlation or the tendency for prices to move together has been termed “comovement”, where the commonality in prices reflects the tendency of commodity markets to respond to common business cycle and trend factors. Metal prices are known to respond to macroeconomic influences and the latter might well explain the common factor which causes them to move together. Our goal is to provide an estimate of the common factor in metal prices and to relate this factor to important macroeconomic influences. The prices we study are for aluminum, copper, tin, lead and zinc; the macroeconomic variables include industrial production, consumer prices, interest rates, stock prices, and exchange rates. Our results confirm that the common factor in metal prices can be related to such macroeconomic influences.     

Long-term perspectives on world metal use—a system-dynamics model

In this paper, a system dynamics model is described, which simulates long-term trends in the production and consumption of metals (i.e. iron/steel and an aggregate of metals of medium abundance) in relation to impacts such as ore-grade decline, capital and energy requirements and waste flows. This metal model can be of assistance in exploring the issue of sustainability of metal resource use. Application of the model to historical trends shows it to be fairly capable of reproducing the long-term trends in the 1900–1990 period, among others on the basis of two intensity of use curves applied to 13 world regions. For future trends, a set of perspective-based long-term scenarios has been constructed that represent the major paradigms in resource use. These scenarios highlight some of the uncertain factors in the relation between economic growth, metal resource exploitation and use, and energy and environmental consequences. They also indicate that apparently similar metal flows in society may be the result of quite different and sometimes contrary assumptions on metal demand, production patterns and resource base characteristics. Such analyses contribute to a more open and transparent discussion on the issue at hand by adding quantitative explications to qualitative views.