正交实验选择嗜碱细菌降解木质素的

本文在复合碳源的碱性液体培养条件下(pH≈10.5),用正交实验法对嗜碱木质素降解细菌6号菌株降解木质素的金属离子培养条件进行了优化.结果表明,各金属离子对6号菌株产生的木质素降解酶Lac-case和MnP以及木质素降解率都有一定促进作用.分析正交实验结果表明,其中Mn2+和Cu2+是量主要的影响因素.各种金属离子的最佳综合水平为MnSO4@H2O0.7g/L、CuSO4@5H2O1mg/L、FeSO4@7H2O5mg/L、ZnSO4@7H2O30mg/L、CaCl2@2H2O50mg/L.     

金属粉末成形过程中出现裂纹的分类研究

分析了金属粉末成形过程中出现裂纹的特点和形成原因，并根据裂纹形成的阶段和形成原回，将金属粉末成形过程中出现的裂纹进行了系统分类。     

金属材料的超声塑性加工

此文介绍了超声振动在金属塑性加工领域的应用,讨论了超声塑性加工的理论机制和工艺特点,论述了超声场中的材料性能和粘塑性本构关系。     

活性污泥工艺对重金属的去除及微生物的抵抗机制

活性污泥工艺通常被用于污水厂的污染物降解和有机物稳定，但同时它还能去除重金属，当重金属的浓度需从10—100mg／L处理到＜1mg／L以下时，其更显得有效和经济。许多重金属可被活性污泥去除，去除率取决于操作条件及其物理，化学和生物的影响因子等。活性污泥细菌产生的胞外多聚糖为聚合物提供了吸附源，并在絮疑沉淀中起重要作用。不同的金属和不同的金属价态在多聚糖上的吸收结合位点不同，导致重金属去除率各不相同。在各种不同规模的活性污泥处理单元中，Fe、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn有较高的去除率，而Ni、Mn相对较低。金属离子的存在能促使基因产生抗金属毒性的酶，对大多数重金属的抵御属于质粒编码系统，抗重金属的微生物在环境核复中将有诱人的应用前景。     

气溶胶微粒中金属元素在ICP光源中原子化过程的探讨

气动雾化含有酚、甲醛的标样产生气溶胶，因其微粒中金属元素在炬焰中原子化效率的提高，结果ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法的检测能力提高了１～２个数量级。     

The role of co-products in stabilizing the metal mining industry

The objective of this paper is to test the hypothesis that cyclical metal mining activity is more stable when multi-metal products are produced. A theoretical short-run supply curve for a metal is developed showing by-product, co-product, and main product behaviour. This curve is used to illustrate co-product pricing trends that are indicative of different cyclical behaviour patterns. The non-parametrical sign test is used to test co-product price trends for the US metal mining industry. The results indicate that multi-metal production stabilizes the mining industry in the short run but not in the long run.     

Long-term effects of submergence and wetland vegetation on metals in a 90-year old abandoned Pb-Zn mine tailings pond

A Pb-Zn tailings pond, abandoned for approximately 90 years, has been naturally colonized by Glyceria fluitans and is an excellent example of long-term metal retention in tailings ponds under various water cover and vegetation conditions. Shallow/intermittently flooded areas (dry zone) were unvegetated and low in organic matter (OM) content. Permanently flooded areas were either unvegetated with low OM, contained dead vegetation and high OM, or living plants and high OM. It was expected that either water cover or high OM would result in enhanced reducing conditions and lower metal mobility, but live plants would increase metal mobility due to root radial oxygen loss. The flooded low OM tailings showed higher As and Fe mobility compared with dry low OM tailings. In the permanently flooded areas without live vegetation, the high OM content decreased Zn mobility and caused extremely high concentrations of acid-volatile sulfides (AVS). In areas with high OM, living plants significantly increased Zn mobility and decreased concentrations of AVS, indicating root induced sediment oxidation or decreased sulfate-reduction. This is the first study reporting the ability of wetland plants to affect the metal mobility and AVS in long-term (decades), unmanaged tailings ponds.     

Batch washing of cadmium from soil and sludge by a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na2EDTA

Washing of cadmium contaminated soil and sludge using a mixture of 0.1 M Na₂S₂O₅ and 0.01 M Na₂EDTA was investigated in the batch mode. Initial Cd concentration in samples was 500 mg kg⁻¹. The sequential extraction was conducted to study of what form that Cd was removed. SPSS program version 9.01 was performed to determine what soil parameter had the greatest influence on the washing. The organic matter in soil was found to be the main factor for the washing. Soil with low organic matter would have high percentage of removing Cd. When adding more washing solution, the Cd removal efficiency was lower. The highest removal efficiency was between 67.83% and 97.3% when using a 1 g:2.5 ml soil to washing solution ratio. The predominant form of the removed Cd was exchangeable form. By contrast for the sludge, the highest Cd removal efficiency was 17.13% when using sludge in washing solution at the ratio of 1 g:7.5 ml. Most of washed Cd was in reducible form.     

The adsorption behavior of metals in aqueous solution by microplastics effected by UV radiation

Microplastics are considered as the carrier to heavy metals in the environment. But the sorption ability of microplastics influenced by photo-aging is remaining unclear. In the present study, the sorption of two kinds of metal ions (Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺) in the aqueous solution by both the virgin and aged microplastics was investigated. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) debris, one of the typical kinds of microplastics was chosen in this study. Photo-aging of microplastics in environment was simulated using UV radiation in the laboratory. Date analysis indicated that the aged microplastics had higher adsorption capacity of heavy metals than original ones. This could be related to the increased surface area and oxygen containing function appeared in the surface of aged microplastics after UV radiation. When prolonging the time of radiation, the enhanced adsorption capacities of microplastics appeared for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. These results showed a great interaction between the aging degree of plastics and sorption capacity to heavy metals. Meanwhile, external conditions including temperature and pH value were also showed great influence to the adsorption behavior.     

Low-temperature conversion of ammonia to nitrogen in water with ozone over composite metal oxide catalyst

As one of the most important water pollutants, ammonia nitrogen emissions have increased year by year, which has attracted people's attention. Catalytic ozonation technology, which involves production of ·OH radical with strong oxidation ability, is widely used in the treatment of organic-containing wastewater. In this work, MgO-Co_3O_4 composite metal oxide catalysts prepared with different fabrication conditions have been systematically evaluated and compared in the catalytic ozonation of ammonia(50 mg/L) in water. In terms of high catalytic activity in ammonia decomposition and high selectivity for gaseous nitrogen, the catalyst with MgO-Co_3O_4 molar ratio 8:2, calcined at 500°C for 3 hr, was the best one among the catalysts we tested, with an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 85.2% and gaseous nitrogen selectivity of44.8%. In addition, the reaction mechanism of ozonation oxidative decomposition of ammonia nitrogen in water with the metal oxide catalysts was discussed. Moreover, the effect of coexisting anions on the degradation of ammonia was studied, finding that SO_2-4 and HCO-3 could inhibit the catalytic activity while CO_2-3 and Br-could promote it. The presence of coexisting cations had very little effect on the catalytic ozonation of ammonia nitrogen. After five successive reuses, the catalyst remained stable in the catalytic ozonation of ammonia.