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411.
Yuxin Lu Xiang Li Cagnetta Giovanni Bo Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):89
412.
The use of chelating agents in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils: a review 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
This paper reviews current remediation technologies that use chelating agents for the mobilization and removal of potentially toxic metals from contaminated soils. These processes can be done in situ as enhanced phytoextraction, chelant enhanced electrokinetic extraction and soil flushing, or ex situ as the extraction of soil slurry and soil heap/column leaching. Current proposals on how to treat and recycle waste washing solutions after soil is washed are discussed. The major controlling factors in phytoextraction and possible strategies for reducing the leaching of metals associated with the application of chelants are also reviewed. Finally, the possible impact of abiotic and biotic soil factors on the toxicity of metals left after the washing of soil and enhanced phytoextraction are briefly addressed. 相似文献
413.
Allocation plasticity and plant-metal partitioning: meta-analytical perspectives in phytoremediation
In this meta-analysis of plant growth and metal uptake parameters, we selected 19 studies of heavy metal (HM) phytoremediation to evaluate trends of allocation plasticity and plant-metal partitioning in roots relative to shoots. We calculated indexes of biomass allocation and metal distribution for numerous metals and plant species among four families of interest for phytoremediation purposes (e.g. Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae). We determined that plants shift their biomass and distribute metals more to roots than shoots possibly to circumvent the challenges of increasing soil-HM conditions. Although this shift is viewed as a stress-avoidance strategy complementing intrinsic stress-tolerance, our findings indicate that plants express different levels of allocation plasticity and metal partitioning depending on their overall growth strategy and status as ‘fast-grower’ or ‘slow-grower’ species. Accordingly, we propose a conceptual model of allocation plasticity and plant-metal partitioning comparing ‘fast-grower’ and ‘slow-grower’ strategies and outlining applications for remediation practices. 相似文献
414.
Geographical and pedological drivers of distribution and risks to soil fauna of seven metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in British soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spurgeon DJ Rowland P Ainsworth G Rothery P Long S Black HI 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):273-283
Concentrations of seven metals were measured in over 1000 samples as part of an integrated survey. Sixteen metal pairs were significantly positively correlated. Cluster analysis identified two clusters. Metals from the largest (Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn), but not the smallest (Cd, Pb) cluster were significantly negatively correlated with spatial location and soil pH and organic matter content. Cd and Pb were not correlated with these parameters, due possibly to the masking effect of recent extensive release. Analysis of trends with soil properties in different habitats indicated that general trends may not necessarily be applicable to all areas. A risk assessment indicated that Zn poses the most widespread direct risk to soil fauna and Cd the least. Any risks associated with high metal concentrations are, however, likely to be greatest in habitats such as arable and horticultural, improved grassland and built up areas where soil metal concentrations are more frequently elevated. 相似文献
415.
Co-combustion tests of municipal solid waste and bromine-containing waste plastics have been performed in the TAMARA test
incinerator in order to investigate the fate of bromine in waste combustion. HBr is the main bromine combustion product. Approximately
50% of the bromine inventory stays in the grate ashes, which is much more than is found for chlorine. The percentage of bromine
transferred into the fly ash also exceeds that of chlorine. There is a strong indication that bromine has a promoting effect
upon the volatility of most of the heavy metals that are typically mobilized by chlorine.
Received: February 2, 2000 / Accepted: March 3, 2000 相似文献
416.
Luca Giorgio Bellucci Mauro Frignani Stefano Lin Herbert Muntau 《Chemistry and Ecology》2005,21(6):425-439
Samples from 18 short sediment cores were analyzed for major and trace metals (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Si, Ti, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr), 210Pb, 137Cs, total organic carbon, grain size, and mineralogical composition to find the record of major environmental changes, either natural or anthropogenic, and to establish their chronologies. Some sediments are characterized by nearly constant composition over time, but others clearly show signs of an increasing marine influence, as an increase of the carbonate contents, after the opening of the Malamocco-Marghera Canal in 1969. These changes sometimes obscure the real pattern of pollutants and tracers, which is revealed by normalization against Al. Zn is the most important contaminant, with concentration factors up to 9.3 times the background level, and the most contaminated sediments are those within a few kilometers from the industrial district of Porto Marghera. 210Pb activity-depth profiles were used to calculate apparent accumulation rates that provide a basis for the assessment of metal fluxes. The sediments of several sites show a significant increase in anthropogenic metal contamination starting from the second decade of last century, with maximum inputs from 1930 to 1970. The decrease of heavy metal concentrations observed in surficial sediments of some sampling sites could be related to a recent reduction of pollutant inputs. 相似文献
417.
采用聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、氢氧化钠、巯基乙酸为原料,制备出重金属絮凝剂巯基乙酰化羟甲基聚丙烯酰胺(MAMPAM),以含Cu2+、含腐殖酸(HA)水样为考察对象,研究MAMPAM对单一和混合体系中Cu2+、HA的去除性能.结果表明,MAMPAM对单一体系中Cu2+和HA均具有一定的去除效果,且Cu2+的去除率随着水样初始pH值的增大而升高;pH值为6.0时,Cu2+的最高去除率为95.92%,HA的最高去除率为66.98%.MAMPAM处理混合水样时,Cu2+和HA的共存会相互促进彼此的去除,具有协同作用;共存的HA对MAMPAM除Cu2+性能的促进作用随着水样中HA浓度或pH值的升高而增强,共存的Cu2+对MAMPAM除HA性能的促进作用随着水样中HA浓度的升高而增强. 相似文献
418.
This study analyzed the evolution of metal levels in surface sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary between 1997 and 2002 and assessed the impact of the April 1998 Aznalcollar tailings dam failure and subsequent cleanup on metal concentrations in surface sediments. We also analyzed metal distribution with time in five chemical fractions of the surface sediments: exchangable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable, and residual. This work showed that the April 1998 Aznalcollar tailings dam failure caused a considerable increase in the concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the surface sediments of the Guadalquivir estuary. It was also found there was a change in the distribution of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb between the chemical fractions of the sediment after the failure of the dam. There were increases in the percentages of Cd in the carbonate fraction, of Zn and Pb in the reducible fraction, and of Cu in the oxidizable fraction, whereas the percentages of these elements associated with the residual fraction decreased. In 1999, there was a decrease in the metal concentrations in the surface sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary, and by 2000 the chemical distribution and metal levels had returned to levels similar those before the dam failure. 相似文献
419.
计算机辅助技术在各个领域的应用都取得了很大的成就,但各自独立的发展已经影响了它们在工业生产中的应用和推广,只有把它们集成起来才能进一步提高生产力,现生产自动化.此文阐述了金属塑性加工生产中的主要CA功能及其集成系统的形成. 相似文献
420.
新型高分子螯合-絮凝剂制备条件的响应面法优化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以壳聚糖为原料,采用化学合成法将二硫代羧基引入到其高分子链上,制备出一种新型高分子螯合-絮凝剂二硫代羧基化壳聚糖(R′-N-(C=S)-SNa,简称DTCTS).以水样中Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率为考察对象,在单因素实验法的基础上,选取了制备DTCTS的主要影响因素,并采用中心复合设计实验和响应面分析法对DTCTS制备条件进行了优化.结果表明,建立的二次多项式模型回归性显著而失拟项不显著,决定系数R2为0.9829,模型拟合性良好;DTCTS最佳制备条件为:反应物CTS/CS2/NaOH摩尔比1:1.5:2、预反应时间30min、主反应温度60℃,此条件下制备的DTCTS对Cd(Ⅱ)的去除率可达99.52%,与模型预测值相对偏差为0.05%,模型可靠. 相似文献