连云港蔷薇河非点源污染的调查分析

调查分析蔷薇河非点源废水排放情况,结合相关统计资料,核算出蔷薇河非点源废水污染物的排放量。结论表明,农田回归水污染是蔷薇河水体非点源污染的主要因素。     

上海浦东国际机场飞机尾气排放对机场附近空气质量的影响

统计2012年10月和11月浦东机场飞机机型和航班架次,根据各类飞机起降的污染物排放设计工作参数,估算出2012年浦东机场飞机起降时排放的NO2、SO2、CO和HC的估算值。利用浦东新区13个空气监测子站二氧化氮和二氧化硫数据绘制等值线图。结果显示,机场所在的江镇点位和祝桥点位二氧化氮浓度变化受飞机影响很大,而飞机排放的二氧化硫对两个点位的影响可以忽略不计。建议采用改进飞机滑行路线、探讨征收飞机碳排放税等措施减少飞机尾气排放对空气质量的影响。     

北方泥炭地泥炭土矿化速率、温度敏感性及其影响因素研究

北方泥炭地是全球重要的碳汇,也是全球变暖最为敏感的区域之一.然而,由于泥炭地表层和亚表层泥炭土碳排放过程对全球变暖的响应过程及机制仍存在一定争议,目前对全球变暖背景下泥炭地碳排放的认识仍存在一定不足.本研究于2019年8月在大兴安岭满归泥炭地采集表层(0～10 cm)和亚表层(15～30 cm)泥炭土进行室内增温模拟有氧培养,测定其矿化速率、有机质性质和水解酶活性.结果表明,表层泥炭土矿化速率在5、15、25℃下培养时((142.8±66.9)～(545.3±30.6)、(575.0±62.1)～(1843.0±547.4)、(888.4±123.9)～(3646.7±167.9)μg·g^-1·d^-1)均高于亚表层((113.0±41.5)～(367.1±64.1)、(357.4±52.3)～(1122.1±218.8)、(697.1±38.1)～(2336.4±150.6)μg·g^-1·d^-1),但表层和亚表层矿化作用的温度敏感性不具有显著差异;培养过程中,表层与亚表层泥炭土β-1,4-N-乙酰葡...     

深圳市纯电动泥头车减污降碳协同效益评价研究

新能源汽车替代传统燃油车是减缓能源与环境压力并如期实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,但在重型车辆、工程车等领域推广较为缓慢.深圳市自2019年开始推广使用纯电动泥头车,并计划到2025年新能源环卫、泥头车数量达到8000辆.为深入探究纯电动泥头车替代柴油泥头车所产生的减污降碳协同效益,本研究基于一手调研数据,采用生命周期评价方法并结合GREET模型,对比分析了两类泥头车在燃料周期、车辆周期和配套设施周期3个周期内的能耗、主要空气污染物及碳排放情况.结果表明,纯电动泥头车全生命周期内能耗较柴油泥头车可减少36.2%,主要污染物如NO_x、SO₂、VOC和PM_2.5降幅分别达81.3%、37.8%、29.0%和25.9%;温室气体(GHGs)排放强度减少14.4%,基准情境下2030年和2050年推广纯电动泥头车GHGs累计减排量分别为71.4万t和258.5万t.尽管节能减排效果显著,但其初始购置和售后维保成本过高是制约其推广的最主要因素,通过降低车辆及电池生产制造成本、提高充换电设施数量及售后维保能力等有望加快泥头车纯电动化.     

污泥掺烧对燃煤电厂痕量元素排放特性影响

采用EPAMethod29方法、冷原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法采集和分析一台超低排放燃煤机组污泥掺烧前后的原燃料、烟气和副产物样品中各痕量元素浓度,研究污泥掺烧对燃煤电厂痕量元素排放特性的影响.结果表明:污泥中富含Zn、Cu元素,浓度分别是煤样中的18.81倍和17.64倍.污泥掺烧使掺配后入炉煤中痕量元素含量普遍升高.污泥掺烧前后整个系统、锅炉系统和全流程大气污染控制设施的痕量元素质量平衡率均在可接受范围内.污泥掺烧对痕量元素的分布特征无明显影响,随粉煤灰排放是痕量元素的主要排放去向.通过烟囱排放到大气环境的痕量元素排放量占比很小,不超过0.43%.污泥掺烧前后SCR入口烟气中痕量元素除Hg外主要以颗粒态形式存在.污泥掺烧后各痕量元素在粉煤灰和底渣中的相对富集系数未显著改变.经过全流程大气污染控制设施协同控制后,污泥掺烧前后烟囱总排口痕量元素排放浓度分别为0～12.76,0～14.97μg/m³.污泥掺烧后痕量元素排放浓度均满足美国燃煤发电机组有害大气污染物排放标准、上海市燃煤耦合污泥电厂大气污染排放标准和生态环境部生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准的限值要求....     

Modeling the carbon dynamics of the La Grande hydroelectric complex in northern Quebec

A mechanistic semi-empirical carbon cycle model of the La Grande reservoir complex in northern Quebec, Canada was conceived in order to investigate the climate impact of such a large alteration of the continental water cycle. The model includes inputs from the drainage basin, organic matter release from flooded soils, CO₂ emissions across the water-atmosphere interface and sedimentation. Most input data stems from previous research by our group on those ecosystems. The model includes the seven reservoirs of the La Grande complex and was run for periods of 50 and 100 years. Terrigeneous dissolved, particulate and suspended soil carbon fluxes and concentrations were computed. Over 100 years, 31.3 × 10¹² g C are released from flooded soils, equivalent to 28-29% of inputs from the drainage basin. 40-74% of dissolved organic carbon is mineralized. CO₂ fluxes over 100 years are 50.5-79.8 × 10¹² g C, 46.4-67.9 × 10¹² g C more than in the absence of reservoirs. The increase in mineralization of organic matter and in CO₂ emissions is a result of the increase in cumulated water residence time due to the creation of the reservoirs. Changes in other carbon sinks and sources likely offset a part of this additional carbon flux to the atmosphere. In the first years following flooding of the reservoir, organic carbon release from flooded soils exceeds CO₂ emissions, implying the downstream export of large quantities of eroded soil organic carbon. After this initial period, CO₂ emissions are fuelled by organic carbon originating from the drainage basin.     

Effects of landfill gas on subtropical woody plants

An account is given of the influence of landfill gas on tree growth in the field at Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) landfill, Hong Kong, and in the laboratory. Ten species (Acacia confusa, Albizzia lebbek, Aporusa chinensis, Bombax malabaricum, Castanopsis fissa, Liquidambar formosana, Litsea glutinosa, Machilus breviflora, Pinus elliottii, andTristania conferta), belonging to eight families, were transplanted to two sites, one with a high concentration of landfill gas in the cover soil (high-gas site, HGS) and the other with a relatively low concentration of gas (low-gas site, LGS). Apart from the gaseous composition, the general soil properties were similar. A strong negative correlation between tree growth and landfill gas concentration was observed. A laboratory study using the simulated landfill gas to fumigate seedlings of the above species showed that the adventitious root growth ofAporusa chinensis, Bombax malabaricum, Machilus breviflora, andTristania confera was stimulated by the gas, with shallow root systems being induced.Acacia confusa, Albizzia lebbek, andLitsea glutinosa were gas-tolerant, while root growth ofCastanopsis fissa, Liquidambar formosana, andPinus elliottii was inhibited. In most cases, shoot growth was not affected, exceptions beingBombax malabaricum, Liquidambar formosana, andTristania conferta, where stunted growth and/or reduced foliation was observed. A very high CO₂ concentration in cover soil limits the depth of the root system. Trees with a shallow root system become very susceptible to water stress. The effects of low O₂ concentration in soil are less important than the effects of high CO₂ concentration.Acacia confusa, Albizzia lebbek, andTristania conferta are suited for growth on subtropical completed landfills mainly due to their gas tolerance and/or drought tolerance.     

采场通风方式与瓦斯运移规律研究

采场是煤矿生产的核心地带,而采场通风系统是确保采场作业安全,创造良好生产环境的重要环节。本文以采场风流流动及瓦斯运移理论为基础,通过现场试验、模型模拟试验及计算机模拟研究等方法,着重研究了中国常用的和有发展前途的走向长壁后退式U型通风方式、U+L型通曲方式、后退式Y型通风方式条件下采场风流流动及瓦斯运移规律。     

AAS与ICP－AES间接测定天然水中硫酸盐

本文以与过量形成ＢａＳＯ＿４沉淀反应为基础，较详细地讨论了反应条件、从而拟定了用ＡＡＳ和ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ间接测定天然水中的方法、确定了方法的精密度，ＡＡＳ法的ＲＳＤ％为１．５，ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法为３．２．两种方法对比分析的结果接近，误差为１．０％（相对）。用于天然水中的测定，获得满意的结果。