高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的生化指标影响研究

研究了高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中代谢酶、RNA和蛋白质的影响.用0.356 μg/L高效氯氰菊酯处理鲤鱼21d后,其脑、腮、肝、骨骼肌肉中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性逐渐降低,酶活性降低了35.2%～48.4%,RNA质量比减少了21.55%～45.65%,蛋白质质量比减少了41.72%～49.07%;撤离高效氯氰菊酯后,鲤鱼脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中的G-6-PDH和LDH酶活性、RNA和蛋白质质量比恢复到对照水平.结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度处理后的鲤鱼脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中代谢酶活性、RNA和蛋白质质量比都逐渐下降,高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的生化指标影响显著.     

池塘水体微生物群落代谢活性的动态变化及其与水质的关系

全程跟踪监测罗非鱼混养池塘的微生物群落代谢活性的动态变化,并分析了微生物群落代谢功能与水质之间的相互关系.结果表明,异养细菌数量和微生物群落代谢活性在各时间点无显著性差异(p＞0.05),9月和5月的代谢功能多样性指数均显著高于6月(p＜0.01),微生物群落对糖类及其衍生物、代谢中间产物及次生代谢物的平均利用率显著高于氨基酸及其衍生物、脂肪酸及脂类(p＜0.05).不同的微生物群落代谢指标与水质因子的相关性有所差异,其中,水体异养细菌数量与pH值和TOC呈显著负相关(p＜0.05);微生物群落代谢活性与PO43-呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01);群落代谢功能多样性与PO43-呈显著负相关,与NO2--N呈显著正相关(p＜0.05).微生物群落对糖类及其衍生物、脂肪酸及脂类、代谢中间产物及次生代谢物等碳源的利用率均与PO43-呈显著的负相关关系,表明磷元素在微生物群落降解不同类型的碳源物质过程中具有重要作用.     

非毒性剂量重金属锑通过改变细胞脂代谢促进前列腺癌进展

本文旨在检测健康人群与前列腺癌患者血清中重金属锑的含量,并对重金属锑在前列腺癌发生发展中的作用和相关机制进行初步探索。本实验使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对健康人群和前列腺癌患者血清中重金属锑的含量进行了检测;此外,分别通过MTT和Alamar-Blue方法对于重金属锑对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的毒性效应进行了评价,并进一步探讨了非毒性剂量的重金属锑对前列腺癌细胞增殖能力(细胞计数及克隆形成实验)及脂类代谢过程(细胞内甘油三酯)的影响。研究结果显示:重金属锑在前列腺癌组患者血清中含量明显高于健康人群组且差异具有统计学意义;毒性实验结果表明高剂量的重金属锑能够显著抑制细胞活力且呈浓度依赖型方式,而非毒性剂量重金属锑能够显著促进前列腺癌细胞增殖,并导致细胞内甘油三酯的含量增加(P0.05)。综上所述,重金属锑在前列腺癌患者血清中具有相对较高水平,其机制可能是通过影响细胞脂类代谢从而促进前列腺癌的进展,这将对未来前列腺癌的预防和治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

ECOSUNIDE工艺中活性污泥生物代谢活性的测定研究

利用差压仪测定原理,设计了在差压瓶中密闭投加基质的试验方法,测定了ECOSUNIDE工艺和其它4个不同工艺的污水处理厂曝气池混合液中活性污泥的生物代谢能力,通过内源呼吸速率和投加基质后的外源呼吸速率来表达生物代谢能力,采用各自的比呼吸速率用来比较单位污泥浓度的生物代谢活性能力。研究结果表明,具有高效脱氮除磷能力的ECOSUNIDE工艺中活性污泥在1～2 d时段内的比内源呼吸速率为43 mg O2(/gVSS.d),投加醋酸钠和氨氮后比外源呼吸分别为450和283 mg O2(/gVSS.d),均高于其它不同工艺的普通进水方式污水处理厂混合液相应的呼吸速率。该工艺在提高活性污泥中异养菌和自养菌代谢能力,缩短污染物去除时间上有较明显的优势。     

三氯生对斑马鱼发育和脂质代谢的影响

通过TCS(三氯生)亚致死剂量急性暴露斑马鱼胚胎至幼鱼,探究其对斑马鱼胚胎发育和脂质代谢的影响.结果表明,在体视显微镜下统计发现TCS在200μg/L浓度急性暴露延迟了 72hpf胚胎的孵化,孵化率下降13.24％,而畸形率提高80％以上.120hpf(受精后小时)幼鱼畸形表现为能量淤积、卵黄囊肿、吸收障碍而后延,游囊...     

厌氧氨氧化脱氮除碳功能菌群结构及代谢途径

为明确不同有机物浓度(50～150mg/L)和竹炭同时存在下厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥系统的脱氮除碳功能菌群结构及代谢途径差异,采用宏基因组测序技术对其微生物分布规律和碳氮代谢基因表达进行了研究.结果表明,当COD浓度为50,150mg/L,添加竹炭显著提升了厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)的相对丰度,Candidatus_Kuen...     

Interactions of warming and altered nutrient load timing on the phenology of oxygen dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

The effects of nutrient loading on estuaries are well studied, given the multitude of negative water quality and ecosystem effects that have been attributed to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. A current gap in this knowledge involves the sensitivity of seasonal cycles of estuarine biogeochemical processes to direct (warming) and indirect influences (nutrient load timing) of climate change. We used a coupled hydrologic–biogeochemical model to investigate changes in the phenology of hypoxia and related biogeochemical processes in Chesapeake Bay under three different hydrologic regimes. Shifts to earlier nutrient load timing during idealized simulations reduced the overall annual hypoxic volume, resulting from discernable, but relatively small reductions in phytoplankton biomass and both sediment and water-column respiration. Simulated increases in water temperature caused an increase in spring/early summer hypoxic volume associated with elevated respiration rates, but an associated exhaustion of organic matter in the early summer caused a decrease in late summer/fall hypoxic volume due to lowered respiration. Warming effects on hypoxia were larger than nutrient timing effects in scenarios where warming was restricted to spring and when it was applied to all months of the year. These idealized simulations begin the process of understanding the potential impacts of future climatic changes in the seasonal timing of key biogeochemical processes associated with eutrophication.     

无机砷在植物和微生物体内的代谢机制研究进展

砷污染是全球的热点问题之一.土壤中的无机砷在植物中的积累可通过食物链传递,从而对人体健康构成严重威胁.了解微生物和植物对无机砷的代谢机制,对认识和控制土壤中砷的风险至关重要.近年来,微生物对无机砷的代谢机制研究已经比较深入,但是仍有一些问题亟待解决,如信号传导、抗砷基因筛选等.在植物对无机砷的摄取、还原机制等方面也取得了一定进展,但是植物体内砷的转运机制、排出机制等仍有待进一步研究.论文综述了微生物、植物体内无机砷的代谢过程中,砷摄取、转运、还原和排出机制的最新进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

我国制糖(甘蔗)生态工业模式及典型案例分析

在对我国制糖工业发展现状与趋势分析的基础上,基于工业生态学原理提出了制糖(甘蔗)生态工业模式,剖析了其生态学组成和结构、工业代谢类型及主要特征,并以我国建立的第一个国家生态工业园——贵港生态工业园为例进行了案例研究。研究表明,通过引入生态工业理念,对制糖行业进行生态化重构。构建生态工业链和生态工业网,可从根本上削减制糖工业对环境的污染,增强制糖工业的可持续发展能力,取得明显的社会、经济和环境效益。     

Mycoremediation of diclofenac using Mucor hiemalis

Diclofenac (DCF) is a pharmaceutical drug widely found in the aquatic environment, where it represents a persistent, anthropogenic hazard to all biota. Owing to the reported inefficiency of water treatment strategies to remove pharmaceuticals, the present study aimed to investigate the ability of the aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalis to take up and accumulate DCF. Cultures of M. hiemalis were exposed to varying concentrations of DCF (10, 25 and 50 µg/L) over a period of 144 h. In the presence of M. hiemalis, DCF concentrations in the media decreased by 95% within 24 h. This early removal was most likely due to extracellular metabolism of DCF, as low proportions of the pharmaceutical were found in the mycelium of the fungus, thereby excluding bioaccumulation as the main mode of removal. However, adsorption of DCF onto the surface of the M. hiemalis pellets cannot be excluded. Our study provides the first report of DCF remediation using M. hiemalis and is the first successful step towards a feasible and inexpensive bioremediation technique for DCF.