上澳塘水体微型动物的变化及指示作用

作为水生生态系统中重要的生物组分之一,微型动物的存在与水环境状况密切相关。在以美国Probiotic Solutions公司开发的促生产品Bio-Energizer对上澳塘进行生物修复试验的过程中,发现水体中的微型动物具有从少到多,从低等到高等的变化趋势,而上澳塘水体已基本消除黑臭。     

地表UV-B辐射增强对土壤-冬小麦系统N2O排放的影响机理研究

为了解UV-B增强条件下农田N₂O响应规律,采用室外盆栽实验,研究了地表UV-B辐射增强20%对土壤-冬小麦系统N₂O排放的影响及其影响机理.结果表明,在小麦返青期,UV-B辐射增强处理对该系统N₂O的排放影响不显著;在小麦的拔节期,UV-B辐射增强处理显著降低了土壤-小麦系统N₂O的排放,并减少了该系统的呼吸速率.UV-B辐射增强对N₂O的影响机理主要表现在对小麦植株N代谢过程的影响,如显著增加     

臭氧对植物新陈代谢的影响

从气孔反应、膜透性变化、光合作用反应、物质代谢变化和酶活性变化等５个方面系统综述了臭氧对植物新陈代谢的影响。     

基于工业代谢的工业生态链梯级循环物质流研究

以工业代谢为理论基础,运用系统分析与建模的方法对工业生态系统中的企业及其所构建的工业生态链进行理论分析与描述,揭示了工业生态系统中物质代谢及循环流动机理,并提出了简化的工业生态链的梯级循环物质流模式及其数学表达模型,对我国开展工业生态研究具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

面向城市管理的城市建筑存量研究综述

城市建筑存量研究是为适应当前城市管理的需要而出现的理论研究,与国家制定的城市可持续发展战略具有内在一致性。本文对城市建筑存量的概念进行解析,全面阐述了城市建筑存量研究的意义,概述了城市建筑存量研究的系统边界、内涵和研究方法等,总结了城市建筑存量研究的三大领域：城市建筑存量时空演变及影响因素研究、城市建筑废弃物资源化开发潜力分析研究和城市可持续管理决策支持系统开发的研究现状。目前城市建筑存量理论体系尚不够完善、定量工具和基础数据库严重缺乏,对于城市决策支持不足,未来应在城市建筑存量时空演变及环境影响分析、开发融合多学科交叉及新技术应用的分析方法和辅助城市可持续管理决策三个领域加强和深化研究。     

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids(PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥ 40 m3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments.Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

The first metagenome of activated sludge from full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) nitrogen and phosphorus removal reactor using Illumina sequencing

The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process is globally one of the widely used biological sewage treatment processes. This is the first report of a metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing of full-scale A2O sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant. With more than 530,000 clean reads from different taxa and metabolic categories, the metagenome results allow us to gain insight into the functioning of the biological community of the A2O sludge. There are 51 phyla and nearly 900 genera identified from the A2O activated sludge ecosystem. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi are predominant phyla in the activated sludge, suggesting that these organisms play key roles in the biodegradation processes in the A2O sewage treatment system. Nitrospira, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Ignavibacterium, which have abilities to metabolize nitrogen and aromatic compounds, are most prevalent genera. The percent of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the A2O sludge is 2.72% and 1.48%, respectively. In the current A2O sludge, the proportion of Candidatus Accumulibacter is 1.37%, which is several times more than that reported in a recent study of A2O sludge. Among the four processes of nitrogen metabolism, denitrification related genes had the highest number of sequences (76.74%), followed by ammonification (15.77%), nitrogen fixation (3.88%) and nitrification (3.61%). In phylum Planctomycetes, four genera (Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Singulisphaera) are included in the top 30 abundant genera, suggesting the key role of ANAMMOX in nitrogen metabolism in the A2O sludge.     

Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

Potassium silicate drilling fluids (PSDF) are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m³/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.     

Research needs identified at the second PCB workshop in Brno,Czech Republic,May 7–11, 2002

More than 150 scientists from the Americas, Europe, and Asia met in Brno, Czech Republic, in May 2002 at the Second PCB Workshop, entitled “Recent Advances in the Environmental Toxicology and Health Effects of PCBs”. NIEHS/EPA-Superfund Basic Research Program, the Graduate Center for Toxicology at the University of Kentucky, and the Research Centre for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Masaryk University, Brno, sponsored the Workshop. At six separate sessions (including posters) the origins, human residues and exposures, actions, biomarkers, risk and remediation issues relating to PCBs were discussed.     

Studies on the origin of the methylsulfonyl‐containing metabolites from propachlor

Abstract

Metabolites in which the chlorine from propachlor has been replaced by a cysteine group or a methylsulfonyl group [‐S(O₂) CH₃] are present in the urine of rats dosed orally with propachlor. In the present study, urine from rats given single oral doses of ³⁵S‐labeled cysteine conjugate of propachlor contained metabolites having the methylsulfonyl groups labeled with S. No metabolites containing ¹⁴C‐labeled methylsulfonyl groups were isolated from urine of rats given single oral doses of the cysteine conjugate of propachlor in which the cysteine group was uniformly labeled with ¹⁴C. These findings show that the cysteine conjugate of propachlor is the source of sulfur in the methylsulfonyl‐containing metabolites. Therefore, we suggest that a C‐S lyase present in the animal cleaves the cysteine conjugate of propachlor and thus allows further metabolism of the sulfur to a methylsulfonyl moiety.