Effect of sulfur source on photocatalytic degradation performance of CdS/MoS2 prepared with one-step hydrothermal synthesis

Cd S/Mo S_2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S_2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect of the sulfur source on the synthesis of Cd S/Mo S_2via one-step hydrothermal methods has seldom been investigated.We report herein a series of one-step hydrothermal preparations of Cd S/Mo S_2using three different sulfur sources:thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea.The results revealed that the sulfur source strongly affected the crystallization,morphology,elemental composition and ultraviolet(UV)–visible-light-absorption ability of the Cd S/Mo S_2.Among the investigated sulfur sources,thioacetamide provided the highest visible-light absorption ability for Cd S/Mo S_2,with the smallest average particle size and largest surface area,resulting in the highest efficiency in Methylene Blue(MB)degradation.The photocatalytic activity of Cd S/Mo S_2synthesized from the three sulfur sources can be arranged in the following order:thioacetamideL-cysteinethiourea.The reaction rate constants(k)for thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea were estimated to be 0.0197,0.0140,and 0.0084 min~(-1),respectively.However,thioacetamide may be limited in practical application in terms of its price and toxicity,while L-cysteine is relatively economical,less toxic and exhibited good photocatalytic degradation performance toward MB.     

Engineering of responsive polymer based nano-reactors for facile mass transport and enhanced catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

Silver nanoparticles with average diameter of 10 ± 3 nm were synthesized within the sieves of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-acrylic acid)(p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc))polymer microgels. Free radial emulsion polymerization was employed for synthesis of p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) polymer microgels. Silver nanoparticles were introduced within the microgels sphere by in situ reduction method. Microgels and hybrid microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultra violet-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Catalytic activity of Ag-p(NIPAAm-HEMA-AAc) hybrid microgels was studied using catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol(4-NP) as a model reaction in aqueous media. The influence of sodium borohydride(Na BH4) concentration, catalyst dose and 4-NP concentration on catalytic reduction of 4-NP was investigated. A linear relationship was found between catalyst dose and apparent rate constant(kapp). The mechanism of catalysis by hybrid microgels was explored for further development in this area. The deep analysis of catalytic process reveals that the unique combination of NIPAAm, HEMA and AAc does not only stabilize silver nanoparticles in polymer network but it also enhances the mass transport of hydrophilic substrate like 4-NP from outside to inside the polymer network.     

降解长链烷烃菌株的选育及性能研究

以正十六烷无机盐培养基为选择培养基,从武汉石化输油管附近土壤中筛选出1株高效降解长链烷烃的菌株,命名C3,对其进行生理生化、16S r DNA鉴定,C3为不动杆菌属。在正十六烷浓度为1 000 mg/L的无机盐培养基中接入4%的种子液,放入35℃、125 r/min摇床中震荡60 h,C3对正十六烷的降解率可达100%,其降解动力学拟合结果符合Monod模型。将C3应用到柴蜡的降解,96 h后,1 000 mg/L的柴蜡混合溶液的降解率能达到91%。C3产生的生物表面活性剂经鉴定为磷脂类活性剂,排油圈直径为80 mm,CMC约为35 mg/L,能将水的表面张力降低到20.79 m N/m。该菌株对长链烷烃的降解提供了良好的菌源。     

过渡金属元素掺杂改性SCR对零价汞的催化氧化性能

为提高商用SCR催化剂对Hg0(零价汞)的催化氧化活性,研究了过渡金属对其进行掺杂改性的方法,并利用固定床反应平台考察了不同试验条件下改性催化剂对Hg0的氧化效率. 结果表明:Y、Zn、Ni和Zr等过渡金属的掺杂可明显抑制SCR催化剂的催化活性,而Fe、Cu掺杂改性SCR催化剂对Hg0的催化氧化性能有显著提升. 在反应温度为350 ℃、空速比为370 000 h-1、φ(HCl)为1×10-5的条件下,Fe、Cu掺杂改性的SCR催化剂对Hg0的氧化效率均能达到90%以上,并且Fe掺杂改性后的SCR催化剂的脱硝性能也未受到明显影响. 借助XRD和XPS等表征手段,对反应前后Fe掺杂改性SCR催化剂进行了研究,表明Fe改性SCR催化剂遵循Mars-Maessen和Langmuir-Hinshelwood机制,可明显提高对Hg0的催化氧化效率,因此,应用前景较好.      

Fe-Ce/ZSM-5复合催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了Fe-Ce/ZSM-5复合催化剂,并将其用于甲基橙的催化降解。利用单因素实验考察了溶液pH、初始甲基橙质量浓度、催化剂加入量、初始H_2O_2浓度及反应温度对准一级动力学方程反应动力学常数的影响,对催化剂的稳定性进行了测试,并探讨了甲基橙的催化降解机理。实验结果表明:在溶液pH 5.0、初始甲基橙质量浓度100 mg/L、催化剂加入量1.0 g/L、初始H_2O_2浓度20 mmol/L、反应温度20℃的优化条件下反应60min,反应动力学常数高达0.034 min~(-1),甲基橙降解率高达87%,铁离子流失量仅为0.019 mg/L;催化剂重复使用3次后,甲基橙降解率仍高于80%,保持了较高活性。     

H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠光催化降解联苯胺

采用复合型光催化剂H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠(cenospheres)光催化降解联苯胺,考察了联苯胺降解效果的影响因素,并运用FTIR和GS-MS技术分析了联苯胺光催化降解过程的主要中间产物,探讨了联苯胺可能的降解路径。实验结果表明:以125 W中压汞灯为光源,在溶液pH为6.3,初始联苯胺质量浓度为10 mg/L的条件下光反应240 min,联苯胺降解率达78%,比Ti_O2/空心微珠提高了24百分点;H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠光催化降解联苯胺符合表观一级动力学特征,且反应速率常数随初始联苯胺质量浓度的增加而减小;H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2/空心微珠具有较好的稳定性,易于分离,可重复利用;联苯胺光催化降解过程的主要中间产物为4-氨基联苯、4-氨基苯酚、对苯二酚和1,4-苯醌。     

不同制备方法对Cu-SSZ-13催化性能的影响

为了考察制备方法对Cu-SSZ-13催化剂在氨选择性催化还原NO_x(NH_3-SCR)中催化性能的影响,使用不同的方法和载体,制备出理化性质有明显差异的3种催化剂(Cu_(3.9)-Na_(0.8)-SSZ-13、Cu_(5.1)-H-SSZ-13和Cu_(4.0)-Na_(4.0)-SSZ-13),并考察3种催化剂的水热稳定性和抗硫中毒性能.结果表明,由于具有适宜的Cu负载量,并且Cu物种的稳定性极高,一步合成法制备的Cu_(3.9)-Na_(0.8)-SSZ-13催化剂的水热稳定性优于液相离子交换法制备的两种催化剂.而以H-SSZ-13为载体,液相离子交换法负载Cu物种制备的Cu_(5.1)-H-SSZ-13催化剂具有最优的抗硫中毒能力,这与其较多的酸性位有关.因此,含有较多酸性位并且活性物种稳定性高是制备水热稳定性和抗硫中毒能力较优的Cu-SSZ-13催化剂的关键.     

城市污水厂污泥催化热水解制备聚合氯化铝铁

采用催化热水解分离城市污水厂污泥中的有机物和无机物,并将无机物制备成了聚合氯化铝铁。研究结果表明:在盐酸质量浓度为20%,反应时间为2 h,反应温度为90℃,固液比1∶3条件下,制备的液体聚合氯化铝铁的Al_2O_3含量为9.34%,Fe_2O_3含量为2.11%,盐基度为47.8%;制备的产品在城市污水处理中取得了较好处理效果。同时采用红外光谱(IR)技术对制备的聚合氯化铝铁的聚合形态进行表征。     

植物法改性类Fenton反应催化剂降解甲基橙

采用银杏叶和桑叶提取液制备了改性类Fenton反应催化剂并进行了表征分析,研究了溶液初始p H、反应温度、催化剂加入量、甲基橙初始质量浓度等因素对甲基橙降解率的影响,同时考察了催化剂的重复使用效果。表征结果表明:制备出的催化剂为Fe_2O_3和Fe OOH的混合物;桑叶改性催化剂的粒径分布较银杏叶改性催化剂均匀,粒径较小,比表面积较大。实验结果表明:在初始p H为6.23、反应温度60℃、催化剂用量1 g/L、甲基橙初始质量浓度100 mg/L的条件下,银杏叶改性催化剂的甲基橙降解率为99.40%,桑叶改性催化剂的甲基橙降解率为99.96%;碱性条件下,甲基橙降解率仍接近100%,扩宽了反应的p H适用范围,为碱性条件下处理偶氮染料提供了新思路;催化剂重复使用6次之后,甲基橙降解率仍可达到99%。根据反应前后溶液的紫外-可见吸收光谱,初步探讨了降解机理。     

WO_3/Ag_3VO_4复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用超声辅助沉淀法—浸渍法制备了WO3/Ag3VO4复合光催化剂,对其进行了表征,考察了其在可见光条件下对罗丹明B的催化降解性能,并对催化机理进行了探讨。表征结果显示:WO3紧密包覆在Ag3VO4颗粒的表面,并未改变Ag3VO4的晶体结构;与Ag3VO4和WO3相比,WO3/Ag3VO4的吸收带边发生了红移。实验结果表明:w(WO3)为3.5%时,WO3/Ag3VO4对罗丹明B的可见光催化降解效果最好;在光催化剂加入量0.8 g/L、初始罗丹明B质量浓度10 mg/L的条件下,于室温下光照180 min时的罗丹明B去除率达95.76%,TOC去除率达96.5%;WO3与Ag3VO4在能带间的耦合作用下形成异质结结构,很好地抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。