Procedure for assessing visual quality for landscape planning and management

Incorporation of aesthetic considerations in the process of landscape planning and development has frequently met with poor results due to its lack of theoretical basis, public involvement, and failure to deal with spatial implications. This problem has been especially evident when dealing with large areas, for example, the Adirondacks, Scenic Highways, and National Forests and Parks. This study made use of public participation to evaluate scenic quality in a portion of the Niagara Escarpment in Southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study were analyzed using thevisual management model proposed by Brown and Itami (1982) as a means of assessing and evaluating scenic quality. Themap analysis package formulated by Tomlin (1980) was then applied to this assessment for the purpose of spatial mapping of visual impact. The results of this study illustrate that it is possible to assess visual quality for landscape/management, preservation, and protection using a theoretical basis, public participation, and a systematic spatial mapping process.     

Determining size and dispersion of minimum viable populations for land management planning and species conservation

The concept of minimum populations of wildlife and plants has only recently been discussed in the literature. Population genetics has emerged as a basic underlying criterion for determining minimum population size. This paper presents a genetic framework and procedure for determining minimum viable population size and dispersion strategies in the context of multiple-use land management planning. A procedure is presented for determining minimum population size based on maintenance of genetic heterozygosity and reduction of inbreeding. A minimum effective population size (N _e ) of 50 breeding animals is taken from the literature as the minimum shortterm size to keep inbreeding below 1% per generation. Steps in the procedure adjustN _e to account for variance in progeny number, unequal sex ratios, overlapping generations, population fluctuations, and period of habitat/population constraint. The result is an approximate census number that falls within a range of effective population size of 50–500 individuals. This population range defines the time range of short- to long-term population fitness and evolutionary potential. The length of the term is a relative function of the species generation time. Two population dispersion strategies are proposed: core population and dispersed population.     

多户型热量表的研制

本文论述了热量测量原理,多户型热量表的软件、硬件设计思想和方法。建立了温度传感器、流量传感器的数学模型。经过在实验小区的试运行,证明其省电节能,管理方便,测量准确。     

薄隔水层井筒底板突水的突变模型

在薄板理论的基础上,建立了立井井筒底板突水的突变模型。运用突变理论的分析方法,求得了井筒底板隔水层的最小理论安全厚度,这与典型案例实际情况基本相符。论文根据在大涨落存在的前提下突变发生所遵循的Ｍａｘｗ ｅｌｌ规则,对理论值和实际值的偏差作了合理的解释,还提出了解决该偏差的一种近似计算方法。所进行的研究工作,为井筒突水的预测及确定隔水层的安全厚度,提供一种新的理论方法和途径。     

Uncertainty analyses on the calculation of water environmental capacity by an innovative holistic method and its application to the Dongjiang River

The estimation and allocation of water environmental capacity （WEC） are essential to water quality management and social-economic interests. However, there is inevitable uncertainty in the capacity estimation due to model conceptualization, data collection and parameter calibration. An innovative holistic approach was developed, which took both independence and relevance between parameters into account to analyze the uncertainties in WEC calculation and estimate the margin of safety. The Doniang River was taken as the case to demonstrate the method, focusing on the chemical oxygen demand and NH-N that were the two major water quality problems in the river. The results showed that the proposed holistic approach is very promising and applicable compared to traditional methods of uncertainty analysis.     

基于DPSIR模型的环境友好型社会评价指标体系构建

为评价区域环境友好型社会建设程度,采用DPSIR概念模型,构建起包涵5大类因子指标的评价体系。此体系评价重点在于社会子系统发展对社会所造成的资源、环境、生态压力,居民生活环境状态的改变和在社会结构与居民生活的影响,以及所导致的各项政策响应。并以沈阳市浑南新区为例,选取了包括科技技术贡献率、生态用地比例、公众对生活环境满意度在内的44项指标,构建起针对浑南新区的评价指标体系,可对浑南新区的环境友好型社会建设以及管理决策起到辅助支撑作用。     

陕西省建设用地增长与碳排放变化的相关分析

通过分析2002~2011年间陕西省建设用地和碳排放的变化,基于LMDI模型分解方法,探讨了10年间建设用地变化对碳排放增长的影响。结果表明:研究时序内,陕西省建设用地和碳排放量均呈增长态势,建设用地年扩展率1.25%,碳排放年均增长8.84%,建设用地变化与碳排放量正向效应显著,建设用地对碳排放的贡献度为12.36%,对建设用地采取总量控制原则,能有效控制碳排放量,对陕西省实现"十二五"期间碳减排目标具有重大意义。     

沈阳市畜禽养殖环境承载力分析及预测

运用系统分析方法中灰色预测模型,对沈阳市自然状态下和处理部分粪污情况下的畜禽养殖环境承载能力进行了分析和预测。计算结果表明,应用灰色预测模型对畜禽养殖环境承载力进行分析,精确度较高。对沈阳市各区(县)、市畜禽养殖环境承载力进行了分析预测,依据计算得出的相应地区畜禽养殖环境承载力结果,能够更加科学地为畜禽养殖空间布局提供参考。同时分析得出,提高畜禽粪污处理率,可以有效的延缓畜禽养殖业给环境带来的生态压力,推迟畜禽养殖环境承载力达到警戒值的年限。     

景观水系水质保障的规划方法研究——以奥林匹克森林公园主湖为例

景观水系水质保障的规划方法是环境规划学在景观水系的具体应用之一。与其他水环境相比,景现水系有其空间尺度小、环境容量低、水量不易平衡等特点。本研究针对景观水系的特点提出了景观水系水质保障规划的主要步骤,并阐述了各部分的关键问题。本研究以奥林匹克森林公园主湖为研究对象进行了案例分析,应用规划方法确定了规划目标,进行了水量平衡计算,识别了污染源,针对自来水补水、人工湿地净化再生水、水系循环等方法设计了一系列方案,并建立模型进行分析比较。研究结果表明,人工湿地净化再生水并进行每天10000m^3的湖水循环的方案可以保证水体水质稳定在地表水三类标准,为最优方案。     

陕北能源化工基地建立生态工业园模式选择及两种模式构建流程

生态工业园的建设主要有4种模式。通过比较各个模式的特点,针对陕北能源化工基地现状,提出基地建立生态工业园应选择改造重构与产业共生两种模式：绘制流程图,对两种模式的构建流程进行研究。