江苏省海门县农村生态环境评价方法

本文采用层次分析结构模型为基础的综合评价方法，通过１０名专家对３６个指标的评分，对江苏省海门县１９９０年的农村生态环境进行了定量评价。结果表明，由于狠抓了农村生态环境综合治理，与１９８６年相比，虽然乡镇工业有了很大的发展，但农村生态环境总体上没有恶化的趋势。     

Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region:a case study in Taicang County, China

Environmental pollution is a by-product of industrialization when economy of a region is developing. China also suffers from such a problem, especially in the southern part like Suzhou region in Jiangsu Province. In this paper, data covering situations of surface water pollution and social and economic development showed that the surface water pollution in Taicang County, a typical economic zone of Suzhou region, is significantly correlated to the economic growth of this region.     

农业区划与农业产业化

农业区划与农业产业化具有非常密切的联系。农业区划部门应当抓住中央农村工作会议关于促进农业产业化发展的机遇，深化农业区划，促进农业产业化。本文论述了农业区划与农业产业化的关系，并按照发展农业产业化的要求，提出了农业区划部门当前急需做好的主要工作。     

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民勤沙尘源区近地面降尘特征研究

借助近地面沙尘暴监测系统进行沙尘暴监测,分析民勤沙尘源区近地面降尘分布特征.结果表明:民勤降尘量与沙尘天气发生频率密切相关,春季3,4月沙尘高发期月降尘量分别为9.0和9.5 mg/cm2.降尘随距地面高度的增加而减小,最大降尘出现在近地面1 m处,月降尘量为9.7 mg/cm2;降尘受下垫面条件影响较大,从荒漠区到绿洲边缘,风速减弱4.11%,总降尘量由25.0 mg/cm2减少到20.6 mg/cm2;绿洲内部受防护林作用,风速减弱30.45%,总降尘量增到24.6 mg/cm2,最大降尘量提高到近地面9 m处,与绿洲防护林冠层平均高度相吻合.风速对近地面20m内的降尘影响明显,平均降尘量2.5 mg/cm2.距地面9 m的高度范围内,降尘随持续时间变化迅速增加,降尘增量可达3.1 mg/cm2.      

基于区域土地利用规划的黄河口湿地退缩风险分析

为了解未来15 a土地利用长期规划对湿地变化的影响,明确建设用地扩张对湿地的威胁,揭示湿地丧失的潜在风险,制定积极的湿地保护策略,根据山东省垦利县2005年TM影像和2005-2020年土地利用规划数据,运用空间分析方法,分析了规划期间建设用地扩展对区域湿地的侵占威胁,并对湿地退缩的潜在风险进行了评估。结果表明:①研究区域现状湿地面积为107 497.80 hm²,占全区总面积的46.32%,湿地资源丰富;湿地类型多;②根据现有规划,到2020年,研究区建设用地平均每年将增长542.50 hm² ;新增建设用地总量中,约29.54%是由湿地转换而来,湿地被建设用地扩展侵占比较严重;③规划期内,湿地面积呈下降趋势,约5 057.53 hm²的湿地将转变为建设用地;县域内各乡镇湿地减少的速度和幅度不同,区域差异较明显,其中董集乡和郝家镇变化幅度较大,垦利街道办事处、胜坨镇和永安镇也高于垦利县平均变化水平;在各类湿地类型的变化上,苇地减少幅度最大,15 a期间减少43.87%,灌溉水田面积减少最多,约2 211.75 hm²;④对湿地被建设侵占的风险分析表明,研究区内处于高风险的湿地面积共有17 024.45 hm²,低风险湿地面积约为29 846.89 hm²,无风险湿地面积为60 626.46 hm²,湿地损失的整体潜在风险较高。     

Relationships between distributions of longevous population and trace elements in the agricultural ecosystem of Rugao County,Jiangsu, China

Soil, plant, and water, as well as trace elements they contain, can influence human health through the food chain. A survey was conducted on distributions of trace elements in soils, plants, and drinking water in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, China, an agricultural area with a high level of centenarians and nonagenarians. The ratio of people over 90 years old per 100,000 inhabitants (90-rate) based on village (about 4,000 residents in 4 km²) was correlated with trace elements in soil, drinking water, and rice by means of correlation analysis and/or principal component analysis. Although the average 90-rate in the whole area was as high as 277, the rates were not uniform across the entire region. The 90-rate in the area of loamy and strongly-developed Anthrosols and Cambosols was about 330, significantly higher than the 255 in the areas of sandy and strongly-developed Cambosols and of clayey and weakly-developed Cambosols. The concentrations of available Se, B, Ni, and Mo in soils of the area with the high 90-rate were markedly greater than those in the area with the low 90-rate. This was demonstrated by highly positive correlations between the 90-rate and available Se (r = 0.33), B (r = 0.21), Ni (r = 0.17) and Mo (r = 0.17) at the p < 0.01 level and high loadings of available Se (0.851), B (0.535), Ni (0.594) and Mo (0.394) in the longevous factor. Similar relationships between the available elements in soils and elements in water and rice were found. These results suggest that: (1) the available forms of elements in soil were more crucial to elemental bio-availability in the ecosystem and human health than total elements in soil; and (2) the element association above might have affected the 90-rate positively and could be an important environmental geochemical factor influencing the longevity of humans.     

洛坝铅锌矿废弃不同时间渣地植被恢复演替动态

对甘肃省徽县洛坝铅锌矿不同废弃时间的废渣地进行的化学分析表明,其主要污染物为重金属Pb和Zn,其w(Pb)和w(Zn)最大值分别为6 298和480 800 mg/kg. 重金属在废渣地中的质量分数随废弃时间的增长而减少;对废渣地恢复植被演替调查发现,Pb和Zn是影响植物自然演替的限制因子. 在现场考察的基础上对洛坝废渣地进行了植被恢复演替调查. 结果表明:从废弃时间序列上看,废渣地植物种类在增加、荒漠化在逆转,3,6和11 a的废渣地植物数分别为12,17和40种;从废渣地植被恢复演替序列上看,各时期植物都在更替,3 a废渣地以野艾蒿(Artemisia vulgaris)+升马塘(Digitaria sanguinalis)+车前草(Plantago asiatica)群落为主;6 a废渣地以野艾蒿+针叶蒿(Tripolium vulgare)+商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)+小蓬草(Erigeron annuu)群落为主;11 a废渣地又增加有固氮植物三叶草(Trifolium pratense)、苜蓿(Medicago lupulina)及紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)的成功定居,已形成草-灌-乔简单植被结构.      

关中盆地县域农田土壤碱解氮空间分异及变化研究

论文以陕西省兴平市为例,采用2009年实测的耕层土壤碱解氮数据,运用地统计学结合GIS技术,建立其最佳半方差函数模型,分析关中盆地农田土壤碱解氮的空间特征、丰缺状况及其含量变化,为土壤培肥和农业生产提供理论基础。结果表明:研究区土壤碱解氮含量介于7.70~82.60 mg·kg^-1,多集中在30~40 mg·kg^-1,平均37.76 mg·kg^-1,较第二次土壤普查下降28.62%。在间距约300 m的采样尺度下,最优理论模型为指数模型,表现为弱的空间相关性,施肥管理、种植制度等随机因素起主导作用。含量高低区域分布明显,大致呈中间高四周低格局。72.67%的农田氮素缺乏,27.33%的农田氮素含量中等。近30 a,原土壤碱解氮1~3级农田区含量显著下降,原5、6级区有所改善,整体集中于4级水平。应进一步实地考察分析具体障碍因素,积极采取分区"补氮"措施。     

基于粮食生产能力的耕地非农可转量测算模型

土地需求的增长性与土地稀缺性之间的不协调是土地利用规划需要重点解决的问题,合理确定区域耕地资源可转化为非农建设用地的数量具有重要价值。论文在保障区域粮食安全前提下,以耕地粮食生产能力为切入点,构建了基于粮食生产能力的耕地非农可转量测算模型(MMCLNT),并以河北省卢龙县为例,验证了该模型的可应用性。研究结果表明:①以粮食生产能力为基础的耕地非农可转量是一数值区间,其数值取决于非农转化耕地的质量;②应用该模型得到2020年卢龙县耕地非农可转量取值范围为851.87~1 547.86 hm²。以粮食生产能力为切入点的区域耕地非农转化定量分析,为协调土地利用规划提供了新的思路与方法。