洛阳市城市生活垃圾成份分析

对洛阳市城市生活垃圾按季节进行了分类，分析了垃圾中碳、硫、挥发分、灰分及水分的含量，测定了垃圾发热量及部分化学元素的含量，为城市生活垃圾的处理提供了科学数据。     

A Landscape Approach to Biodiversity Conservation of Sacred Groves in the Western Ghats of India

Abstract:  Although sacred groves are important for conservation in India, the landscape that surrounds them has a vital influence on biodiversity within them. Research has focused on tree diversity inside these forest patches. In a coffee-growing region of the Western Ghats, however, landscape outside sacred groves is also tree covered because planters have retained native trees to provide shade for coffee plants. We examined the diversity of trees, birds, and macrofungi at 58 sites—10 forest-reserve sites, 25 sacred groves, and 23 coffee plantations— in Kodagu district. We measured landscape composition and configuration around each site with a geographic information system. To identify factors associated with diversity we constructed multivariate models by using a decision-tree technique. The conventional measures of landscape fragmentation such as patch size did not influence species richness. Distance of sacred groves from the forest reserve had a weak influence. The measures of landscape structure (e.g., tree cover in the surroundings) and stand structure (e.g., variability in canopy height) contributed to the variation in species richness explained by multivariate models. We suggest that biodiversity present within sacred groves has been influenced by native tree cover in the surrounding landscape. To conserve this biodiversity the integrity of the tree-covered landscape matrix will need to be conserved.     

Light Stability of Oriental Lacquer Films Irradiated by a Fluorescent Lamp

Oriental lacquer film was prepared and exposed to a fluorescent lamp. The color difference and gloss of the surface of the film decreased compared to those of film kept in a dark place by irradiation with the fluorescent light. The percentage of discoloration was 7.0% on a relative scale with an irradiation of 3600 h. The surface of the film was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The oxygen content of the surface increased considerably with the decrease in triene groups with exposure time. These changes were also observed when the film was exposed in a glass or acrylic plate box. The change of the above properties was not observed when the film was kept in a dark place for more than 4800 h. The results suggest that oriental lacquer film deteriorates even under irradiation with visible light.     

《海洋环境科学》载文及引文的统计分析

本文用统计学方法，分析研究了《海洋环境科学》近５ａ的抽样载文及引文情况。从中析出：本刊已拥有一批热心于海洋环保事业的科研队伍，形成了以辽宁、山东等地为核心的的海洋环境科研核心地区和相对稳定的研究体系。所载论文的内容广泛，几乎覆盖了海洋环境科学研究的各处领域。引文量高，比我国行业性技术行业性技术刊物篇均引文量２．８篇高５．２７篇。     

某公路滑坡的变形机理与稳定性分析

通过对某公路边坡的变形破坏机理分析,表明滑坡的发生是由于坡脚的小规模开挖引发的局部变形破坏了坡体中原有的地下水排泄通道,使地下水水位抬升,从而使边坡稳定性进一步降低,造成变形破坏向坡体的上部发展,最终导致整体的滑动。稳定性计算表明,此滑坡整体稳定性差,需要作加固处理。综合分析地质条件后,选择抗滑桩和坡面护坡的方法来治理滑坡,并达到了较好的效果。     

大庆水库总氮在线监测仪的比对分析

对大庆水库的总氮在线监测仪与同步实验室分析进行了比对实验,结果表明:SERES2000型总氮在线监测仪采用的分析方法与实验室采用的国家标准分析方法为同一分析方法;总氮在线监测仪的自动监测结果和实验室分析结果均具有准确度高、精密度好的特点,二者之间的相对误差范围为-11.8%～14.1%,均在允许的相对误差范围内,满足比对分析要求;总氮在线监测仪能实时掌握水源地水质变化趋势,它的投入使用为完善水质预警系统、保证监测数据的真实有效提供了科学依据.     

珠江三角洲高砷地下水赋存环境特征及成因分析

为了弄清珠江三角洲地区浅层地下水中砷迁移、富集的主控因素及砷的来源,利用珠江三角洲地区地下水污染调查所取得数据资料,运用聚类分析方法对研究区进行分区,分别对砷异常分布特征以及地下水赋存环境进行分析.结果表明,研究区地下水砷浓度范围为从未检出至560μg·L-1,主要以As(Ⅲ)的形式存在;高砷地下水主要分布在第四系松散沉积物覆盖的平原区,其中佛山顺德地区最高,广州市中部与中山市次之;研究区地下水水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型水为主,高砷地下水具有p H值较高,NH+4、Fe、Mn、耗氧量浓度较高,且NO-3浓度低的特征.通过对高砷地下水各指标散点图与因子分析,结合人类活动对珠三角地下水环境影响推断:在天然沉积环境与污染输入的共同影响下,平原区形成有利于高砷地下水赋存的中性至弱碱性还原环境.浅层地下水在微生物作用与有机污染物输入下,引起含砷铁锰氧化物的还原溶解,导致砷的释放.而佛山市南部顺德等地区工业污染则是地下水中砷污染的主要来源.     

基于GIS的矿山塌陷损害评价系统及可视化方法

在各种工程塌陷问题中,矿山开采引起的地表塌陷是最为严重的一类,矿山塌陷是工程防灾减灾的重要内容。本文围绕“基于GIS的矿山塌陷损害评价系统”的构筑问题,对矿山开采塌陷的三维计算方法和塌陷数据的组织及可视化方式进行了探讨,给出了丘陵和低平山地条件下地表塌陷的三维可视化预计方法,实现了DEM和地表塌陷盆地的可视化表达,并对三维地形图与三维塌陷图的可视化叠置进行了探索。     

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

Uncertainties related to the identification of the marginal energy technology in consequential life cycle assessments

When performing life cycle assessment (LCA) assumptions regarding the energy use are often decisive for the outcome. In this paper, current approaches of identifying marginal electricity and heat technologies for consequential LCAs are challenged. The identification of marginal energy technologies is examined from three angles: The marginal electricity technology is identified in Danish historical and potential future energy systems. The methods of identifying and using marginal electricity and heat technologies in key LCA studies are analysed. Finally, the differences in applying energy system analysis and assuming one marginal technology are illustrated, using waste incineration with energy substitution as a case. The main problem with the current approach is the use of one single marginal technology. It is recommended to use fundamentally different affected technologies and identify these in several possible and fundamentally different future scenarios. If possible, the affected technologies should also be identified based on energy system analyses considering the technical characteristics of the technologies involved. Some results in this paper may be applicable to other affected technologies than energy.