HDPE土工膜长期性能稳定性的研究进展

垃圾填埋场底部高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)土工膜会因氧化降解而使防渗性能降低,对环境带来二次污染风险,因此,HDPE膜的长期稳定性是值得关注的问题,但国内相关研究甚少。HDPE膜的降解过程可分为3个阶段,主要受自身性质、温度、接触介质和衬垫结构等因素的影响。文章重点综述了国外研究HDPE膜长期稳定性的试验方法,归纳了相关的数学模型,并根据存在的问题提出了建议。室内试验一般采用老化试验,包括浸泡试验和模拟试验,二者均能加快HDPE膜的老化进程。前者一般将试样完全浸泡于研究介质中试验,试验值较为保守;后者将样品置于模拟的衬垫构造中试验,结果更接近实际。数学模型采用Arrhenius模型,精度和所需参数取决于老化试验,现阶段大部分计算结果较片面,完善试验是后续工作的重点。     

铸铝合金不同厚度膜层微弧氧化防腐蚀性能试验研究

针对某型铸铝合金的不同热处理状态、不同厚度的微弧氧化膜的防腐蚀性能进行了960 h的盐雾对比试验。结果表明,对于该型铸铝合金T7热处理状态防腐蚀能力优于T5;微弧氧化处理能明显提高该型铸铝合金防腐蚀能力,经不同厚度微弧氧化处理的该型铸铝合金,腐蚀深度无显著差异;在相同面积区域内,腐蚀损伤的程度有明显的不同,50～70μm的微弧氧化膜防腐蚀性能最好。     

装备试验分析研究与管理监督

装备试验种类多、任务重,实际工作中存在许多模糊认识与做法。从试验的概念入手,理清、辨析了几种重要试验,分析研究了各种试验的特点,给出了具有实践应用意义上的试验原理、程序和方法,在此基础上对试验进行了相应的管理与监督。     

载人航天器关键电子产品综合环境应力试验

载人航天器电子产品在轨经历多种环境应力的综合作用,为提高载人航天器电子产品的可靠性,针对其综合应力环境考核需要,制定了载人航天器电子产品综合环境应力试验方案,并设计了试验程序,明确了各单项应力环境试验条件。经筛选,9艘载人航天器共136台电子产品参加了综合环境应力试验。试验结果表明,综合环境应力试验可以有效地暴露载人航天器电子产品设计和制造缺陷。     

临近空间环境及环境试验

从热力学结构、大气成分特征、大气电磁特性等方面介绍了临近空间环境参数,按照临近空间飞行器的平均密度、飞行速度、飞行高度介绍了临近空间飞行器的分类及特点。阐述了临近空间环境试验的方法,并对临近空间环境试验技术的发展提出了初步建议。     

航天器动力学试验评价技术

回顾了国内外航天器动力学试验评价技术的研究和应用,分析了国内航天器动力学试验存在的问题,阐述了复杂航天器的发展对于航天器动力学试验评价体系提出的新要求,重点分析了在评价内容、航天器环境、航天器环境模拟方法、航天器环境效应、测量与分析、评价方法及准则方面必须突破和解决的若干关键技术,展望了航天器动力学试验评价技术的发展前景。     

燃烧对SF6扩散影响的示踪试验研究

根据2010年9月,在北京某试验场开展的一系列SF6示踪扩散试验,以及获取的SF6浓度空间分布数据,以高斯模式和计算机拟合为基础,计算出SF6浓度分布在水平和垂直方向的扩散标准差、地面峰值浓度等参数,分析、总结出了在典型地理(山区和平原连接处)和边界层条件下燃烧对SF6扩散的影响。通过试验及分析可知,燃油对试验区域气流产生了明显扰动,但具体原理有待于进一步分析。     

环境适应性要求在型号中应用问题分析

针对航空装备环境鉴定试验大纲审查中暴露的研制总要求或成品技术协议书中对"使用环境"、"环境要求"表述方面的问题,阐述了环境适应性要求的内涵和合理的表征方法,分析了目前型号中"使用环境"和"环境要求"等概念的不完整性及其带来的一些副作用,提出了使用方和型号总师单位应尽快理解和掌握有关标准中环境适应性要求的正确表述方式,并将其纳入相关文件的建议。     

Evaluation and Trend Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Zhengzhou in 1998–2008

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the major environmental problems, especially in urban areas. Due to rapid urban expansion and industrialization, water pollution in Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province in central China has become a serious problem for its development. In this study, the surface water quality was evaluated using Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index (NCPI), and the change trend was calculated using methods of Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, based on the monitoring data from 1998 to 2008. The results show that the NCPI ranged from 3 to 50 in 70% of the monitoring cases, implying that most rivers were seriously polluted. However, this serious polltuon is expected to be gradually improved, as the concentration of water pollutants and NCPI declined significantly in most rivers. Water pollution in reservoirs was much lower than rivers, and the NCPI in the three monitored reservoirs was lower than 3 in most years, and shows a downward trend. Although the surface water quality was gradually improved, great efforts are still needed to enhance the protection and improvement of surface water environment.     

Comparative experimental analysis of the effect of convective heat losses on the performance of parabolic dish water heater

This paper reveals comparative experimental analysis of the effect of variation of natural and forced convection heat losses on the performance of prototype parabolic dish water heater with coated and non-coated receivers. With the above-described system, hot water needs in domestic applications can be fulfilled instantly. A parabolic dish collector was used for instant water heating. Design of solar parabolic dish collector consists of truncated cone-shaped helical coiled receiver made up of copper at focal point. Instantaneous efficiency of 63% and 48% has been achieved with coated and non-coated receivers. This prototype has been evaluated for its performance with water flow rate of 0.0076 kg/s during the months of April and May 2010 at Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (latitude: 16.42° North, longitude: 74.13° West).