吸附模式对有机物光催化降解的影响2.H-酸在TiO2表面的光催化降解途径

水溶液中H-酸通过磺酸基团吸附在TiO2表面,UV照射TiO2所产生的自由基首先进攻吸附在TiO2表面的磺酸基团,从而进一步导致萘环开环.pH 2.5条件下,虽然饱和吸附量较大,但由于H-酸仅通过一个磺酸基团吸附在TiO2表面,过程中产生的硫酸根速率较慢,最终的光降解速率也较慢.pH 5.0条件下,虽然饱和吸附量较小,但由于吸附在TiO2表面的两个磺酸基团同时受到来自TiO2表面自由基的进攻,过程中产生的硫酸根速率较快,最终的光降解速率也较快.吸附模式的差异是导致H-酸在不同pH值条件下光催化降解途径和速率差异的关键因素.     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜萃取水溶液中铜离子的研究

研究了聚丙烯中空纤维膜萃取二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(D2EHPA)水溶液中铜离子的工艺条件.结果表明,两相流速、膜面积对萃取率基本无影响;而水溶液的pH值和有机相初始铜离子浓度的改变使萃取率在40%-99%之间变化.整个萃取过程的传质阻力主要来源于D2EHPA和 Cu2 的界面配位络合反应阻力,铜浓度比较高时,传质阻力与铜浓度无关;而当铜浓度降低时,传质阻力随着铜浓度的降低而增大.     

偏电压对Ti/TiO2光电催化氧化富里酸的影响

采用光电催化反应器对水中天然有机物富里酸(FA)进行降解试验,考察了外加阳极偏电压对光电催化反应器降解富里酸的影响.结果表明,当外加电压为1.2V时,具有最佳的UV254和有机碳TOC去除率,当反应时间为2h时,富里酸的UV254和总有机碳TOC的去除率分别为77.4%和45.4%.另外,在反应初期(前1h内)富里酸光电催化反应动力学常数主要受外加偏电压的影响.     

CO2浓度增加对作物影响的研究动态

大气CO2浓度不断增加将以两种方式影响作物的代谢、生长发育和产量的形成：一是通过温室效应“加热”气候,改变降水类型,进而影响作物;二是浓度变化本身对作物生理过程的影响。介绍了国内外近年来在与CO2浓度有关的作物生理实验方面取得的进展及其主要结果。     

CO2对砷酸钙稳定性影响的热力学分析

通过沉淀和溶解两方面的实验数据,应用PHREEQC程序模拟了砷酸钙在不同CO2分压条件下溶解度的变化情况,发现环境中的CO2可使砷酸钙盐在酸度较高(pH大于8.3)的条件下发生不一致溶解,使其溶解度升高;CO2分压越大,砷酸钙盐发生不一致溶解的酸度越低;CO2主要影响3∶2和5∶3的砷酸钙盐,而对4∶2砷酸钙盐的影响较小。这对不同类型砷酸钙盐废物的处置是否应考虑CO2的因素提供了依据。     

水蒸气电晕放电下的烟气脱硫效果

采用多针-板式电极,在70 m³/h烟气流量范围内,研究了水蒸气浓度、烟气流量、电场强度等因素对不饱和水蒸气正直流电晕放电烟气脱硫率的影响以及水蒸气电晕放电对脉冲放电烟气脱硫率的提高.研究结果表明,实验范围内,按照NH₃∶SO₂摩尔比为2∶1添加NH3的条件下,增加水蒸气流量、增强电场强度、减少烟气流量,烟气脱硫率能提高10%,达到60%左右.同时,水蒸气电晕放电能使脉冲放电的烟气脱硫率提高5%左右,达到90%以上.     

气相色谱法测定水质中的内吸磷

优化了气相色谱法测定水质中的内吸磷,当取样量为100 m L时,内吸磷-O方法检出限为0. 30μg/L,测定下限为1. 20μg/L;内吸磷-S方法检出限为0. 80μg/L,测定下限为3. 20μg/L。内吸磷-O和内吸磷-S标准曲线线性良好,相关系数分别为0. 999 2和0. 999 8。不同水质中内吸磷-O的加标回收率为90. 3%～104%,相对标准偏差为3. 6%～9. 2%;内吸磷-S的加标回收率为92. 1%～94. 9%,相对标准偏差为4. 6%～8. 7%。该方法灵敏度高,能有效分离内吸磷-O和内吸磷-S,同时能将内吸磷-O、内吸磷-S与其他有机磷农药类干扰物分离。     

Ozone facilitated degradation of caffeine using Ce-TiO2 catalyst

The ozone initiated oxidation of 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine), commonly found in wastewaters as model compound is reported using cerium (Ce)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as catalyst. The effect of pH and loading of ceria on titania were investigated. Effect of reaction conditions on degradation of caffeine based on their pseudo first-order rate constants were compared. The combination of catalyst Ce-TiO₂ and ozone aeration significantly enhanced the degradation of caffeine compared to uncatalysed ozonation. The oxidation of caffeine ensued via the free radical mechanism, through enhanced ozone decomposition into OH radicals. Ce/TiO₂(0.5?wt%) showed good activity in degradation of caffeine at pH 6, in both natural stream and river water samples showing about 60% total organic carbon removal in 2?h ozonation period. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, degradation products were analysed. A reaction intermediate and one final product were positively identified. Nano-catalysts with different loadings of Ce on TiO₂ synthesized by sol-gel route were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, BET and powder X-ray diffraction spectrum techniques. The results showed that the material retained a highly ordered mesoporous structure and possessed large surface area.     

Dry and heat stress affects H2S production of Salmonella on selective plating media

The pH of Salmonella pre-enrichment media can become acidic (pH 4.0–5.0) when feeds/ingredients are incubated for 24?h. Salmonella in feed that have been stressed by heat and desiccation exhibit different pH tolerances than non-stressed cultures. Acidic conditions can result in cell injury/death and affect biochemical pathways. In this study, eight serotypes of Salmonella were grown in sterile meat and bone meal that was subjected to desiccation and heat stress. Cultures of non-stressed and stressed isolates were subsequently exposed to acidic pH from 4.0 to 7.0 in 0.5?pH increments (3 replicates/pH increment) in citrate buffer. At 6 and 24?h, serial dilutions were plated in duplicate on XLT-4 (xylose lysine tergitol-4) agar. Four serotypes showed an impaired ability to decarboxylate lysine on XLT-4. This inability to decarboxylate lysine was dependent on isolate, stress status, and incubation time. When the isolates’ ability to decarboxylate lysine was examined using biochemical tests, cultures were found to be able to decarboxylate lysine with the exception of S. Infantis. This suggests that XLT-4 contains a biochemical stressor(s) which affects the rate of decarboxylation by these Salmonella. These results suggest that acidic conditions may influence the detection and confirmation of Salmonella in feed.     

Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology,fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle

T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n?=?30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5?mg kg^?1) of T-2 for 20?days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P?<?0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.