基于NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感数据的淮安市夜间PM2.5浓度估算研究

PM_2.5是大气的重要污染物,掌握其空间分布对于大气污染防控具有重要意义．目前,PM_2.5遥感监测主要围绕卫星反演的日间AOD数据开展,无法反映夜间大气污染的空间格局．以2019年9—12月NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光影像和空气质量站点PM_2.5观测数据对江苏省淮安市夜间PM_2.5浓度进行估算研究．基于辐射传输方程分析夜间灯光辐射与PM_2.5浓度之间的关系,在此基础上综合考虑灯光辐射直接衰减和散射补偿确定了计算夜间PM_2.5浓度的空间自变量,运用多元线性回归模型（MLR）、随机森林（RF）、Cubist、极端梯度提升树（XGBoost）、神经网络（NNet）、支持向量机（SVM）及最近邻法（KNN）算法构建夜间PM_2.5浓度遥感估算模型．结果表明,多元线性归回模型精度明显低于各个机器学习模型,所有模型中SVM模型精度最高,决定系数R²为0.77,平均绝对误差MAE为20.83μg·m^-3,均方...     

Assessing the impact of urbanization on regional net primary productivity in Jiangyin County, China

Urbanization is one of the most important aspects of global change. The process of urbanization has a significant impact on the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. The Yangtze Delta region has one of the highest rates of urbanization in China. In this study, carried out in Jiangyin County as a representative region within the Yangtze Delta, land use and land cover changes were estimated using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. With these satellite data and the BEPS process model (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator), the impacts of urbanization on regional net primary productivity (NPP) and annual net primary production were assessed for 1991 and 2002. Landsat-based land cover maps in 1991 and 2002 showed that urban development encroached large areas of cropland and forest. Expansion of residential areas and reduction of vegetated areas were the major forms of land transformation in Jiangyin County during this period. Mean NPP of the total area decreased from 818 to 699 gCm(-2)yr(-1) during the period of 1991 to 2002. NPP of cropland was only reduced by 2.7% while forest NPP was reduced by 9.3%. Regional annual primary production decreased from 808 GgC in 1991 to 691 GgC in 2002, a reduction of 14.5%. Land cover changes reduced regional NPP directly, and the increasing intensity and frequency of human-induced disturbance in the urbanized areas could be the main reason for the decrease in forest NPP.     

Net primary productivity of China's terrestrial ecosystems from a process model driven by remote sensing

The terrestrial carbon cycle is one of the foci in global climate change research. Simulating net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems is important for carbon cycle research. In this study, China's terrestrial NPP was simulated using the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS), a carbon-water coupled process model based on remote sensing inputs. For these purposes, a national-wide database (including leaf area index, land cover, meteorology, vegetation and soil) at a 1 km resolution and a validation database were established. Using these databases and BEPS, daily maps of NPP for the entire China's landmass in 2001 were produced, and gross primary productivity (GPP) and autotrophic respiration (RA) were estimated. Using the simulated results, we explore temporal-spatial patterns of China's terrestrial NPP and the mechanisms of its responses to various environmental factors. The total NPP and mean NPP of China's landmass were 2.235 GtC and 235.2 gCm(-2)yr(-1), respectively; the total GPP and mean GPP were 4.418 GtC and 465 gCm(-2)yr(-1); and the total RA and mean RA were 2.227 GtC and 234 gCm(-2)yr(-1), respectively. On average, NPP was 50.6% of GPP. In addition, statistical analysis of NPP of different land cover types was conducted, and spatiotemporal patterns of NPP were investigated. The response of NPP to changes in some key factors such as LAI, precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, VPD and AWC are evaluated and discussed.     

利用CASA模型估算黑河流域净第一性生产力

陆地生态系统是维系生物圈乃至人类存在与发展的生命支持系统。该系统净第一性生产力估算研究有助于寻找陆地植被从大气中固定碳的数量及影响其时空分布的驱动因子。基于CASA(Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach)模型,结合多光谱遥感数据和气候数据,模拟干旱半干旱典型区黑河流域1998~2002年净第一性生产力的时空分布,并分析和探讨了上、中、下游NPP的驱动因子。研究结果证明CASA模型适用于内陆河流域范围内NPP研究;通过分析黑河流域上、中、下游的NPP变化与气温、降水、太阳辐射和NDVI的相关关系,发现上游山区NPP与热量相关性显著,中游地区由于人工绿洲对水资源的截留用于作物灌溉,NPP相对稳定,下游的NPP受热量和水分因素共同复杂控制。     

1982～1999年青藏高原植被净第一性生产力及其时空变化

基于地理信息系统技术和生态学过程模型,利用1982～1999年间NOAA-AVHRR数据(归一化植被指数,NDVI)及其相匹配的温度、降水和太阳辐射等气象数据,结合植被和土壤质地等资料,研究了青藏高原植被的净第一性生产力(NPP)及其动态变化。结果表明:青藏高原植被的总NPP为0.21PgC·a-1(1Pg=1015g),约占全国植被NPP总量的12.43%。NPP的总体分布趋势是,自东南至西北递减,这与水热条件的分布趋势一致。18年来,青藏高原植被的NPP在波动中呈上升趋势,从1982年的0.19PgC增加到1999年的0.24PgC,年平均增加速率约为1%;其中,青海省的东南部、西宁地区和西南部的部分地区,以及西藏东部的横断山区和雅鲁藏布江南部的部分地区的NPP增加显著。除10月和12月的月平均生产力呈减少趋势外,大部分植被类型的其它月份大都呈增加趋势。     

渭河流域植被WUE遥感估算及其时空特征

论文基于估算NPP的CASA模型和估算ET的三角形模型对水分限制因子算法进行改进的基础上,构建了由NPP子模型和ET子模型组成的WUE遥感估算模型,以2010年相关MODIS影像和气象参量为数据源,实现了渭河流域WUE的估算,并对WUE的时空特征及其与年内气温、降雨的关系进行了分析。研究表明：1）WUE模拟结果与通量观测数据以及生态系统模型模拟结果均具有一定的可比性,各模型模拟结果存在差异可能与WUE定义、模拟区域、使用数据源以及使用植被覆盖分类底图等存在差异有关;2）渭河流域WUE年内分布呈现微“双峰”型格局,以8月最高,春、夏、秋、冬四季WUE分别为0.57、1.05、0.66、0.12 gC·m^-2·mm^-1,呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的特征;3）渭河流域WUE空间分布呈现子午岭、黄龙山、六盘山以及秦岭北坡等林区高,西安市建成区、子流域上游低植被覆盖区以及局部旱作农业区低的分异特征;4）渭河流域尺度上,WUE随年内气温和降雨的变化均呈现5阶段的变化特征,但变化形式存在差异。     

土壤酸化-植被生产力空间信息模型构建及贵州典型森林对酸沉降的生态效应响应

将遥感数据驱动的土壤水平衡模型、植被生产力光能利用率模型与基于过程的土壤酸化模型、营养元素循环模型相耦合,建立森林土壤酸化-植被生产力空间信息模型,定量表达土壤和土壤水离子浓度、植被生产力、营养元素循环空间分异.将模型模块化,耦合于自主开发的EcoHAT系统(Ecohydrolgy Assessment Tools),并以贵州典型森林群落为研究对象,运用模型对群落土壤化学性质、植被生产力和营养元素生物循环的关键过程的时空演变模式进行了模拟和研究,与实验数据进行验证,取得良好的效果.运用情景设定的方式,定量模拟研究区酸雨的强度变化导致土壤中植被可吸收的盐基离子变化,以及对森林植被净第一性生产力(NPP)的间接影响.     

矿山恢复的过程及前期恢复时限分析

矿山恢复可分为前期和后期两个阶段,前期以水土保持为目标,后期以建立稳定的生态系统为目标。草本植被在前期恢复中具有显著的水土保持功效。不同区域草本植被恢复到特定盖度有明显的时间分异,所需时间与区域NPP(植被净第一性生产力)值呈负相关。根据前人所做工作,建立了盖度—T(时间)—NPP曲线,结合区域植被有效盖度,可为矿山前期恢复的时限制定提供依据。据估计,草本植被恢复到70%的盖度,热带林区大致需要3~5个月,亚热带常绿阔叶林带需要5~10个月,温带林区需要10~18个月,寒带针叶林带和温带草原则需要超过两年的时间。     

堆芯中子通量测量系统指套管磨损分布规律及处理准则优化研究

目的 分析堆芯中子通量测量系统指套管磨损分布规律,提出处理准则优化建议.方法 统计了指套管在堆芯不同位置的磨损数量,分析了指套管磨损分布规律.结合指套管和导向管的结构特点和视频检查结果,分析了指套管的磨损原因,并提出了指套管磨损处理准则优化建议.结果 指套管磨损位置主要集中在P1和P4两处,其中P1位置磨损数量最多,而...