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131.
Evolution from a solitary way of life to sociality involves changes in the modalities of within-population aggression. This
paper is concerned with environmental causes of variation in aggression within the complex of mole-rat species Spalax ehrenbergi. We focus on physiological constraints associated with aggressive behaviour, i.e. those resulting from emotional arousal
and thus stress. Aggression, social stress sensitivity and urine osmolarity were studied in males of two chromosomal species
of Spalax ehrenbergi, 2n = 52 (occurring in cool humid areas) and 2n = 60 (occurring in warm arid zones). Males with 2n = 52 reached a higher level of within-population aggression during a 3-round tournament (an average, 488 ± 140 acts) than
males with 2n = 60 (163 ± 54 acts). The species with 2n = 52 displayed a higher corticosterone response after a social encounter (in average, 5.15 ± 0.54 μg/100 ml) than that with
2n = 60 (3.0 ± 0.3 μg/100 ml) whereas resting levels of this hormone were low and not different between the two species. Urine
osmolarity was significantly higher in males with 2n = 60 (331.9 ± 18.6 mmol/kg) than males with 2n = 52 (267.3 ± 10.9 mmol/kg). Considering the overall general trend urine osmolarity tended to be negatively related to the
level of aggression, while corticosterone levels tended to vary positively with aggressiveness (Fig. 3). Our results allow
further discussion of the hypothesis that high levels of aggression could be selected against in arid habitats due to their
physiological correlates (decrease in water economy, increased corticosterone leading to potential energy mobilisation and
loss). We propose that behavioural ecophysiology could have contributed to the radiation of the S. ehrenbergi superspecies into increasingly arid environments, and may favour evolution toward social tolerance.
Received: 10 June 1995/Accepted after revision: 25 October 1995 相似文献
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Our study examines how personality and coping influence soldiers' psychological health among 648 US Army personnel who were at that time deployed in Iraq at the height of an insurgency. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion were associated with different coping behaviors, and these were in turn related to psychological distress. Conscientiousness was positively associated with problem‐focused coping and negatively with avoidance coping, whereas neuroticism was most positively associated with avoidance coping. Extraversion was positively related to both seeking social support and avoidance coping. As expected, avoidance coping was positively associated with psychological distress. Coping style explained more variance in the relationship between personality and distress among soldiers who perceived higher levels of threat, thus supporting a moderated mediation hypothesis. We discuss implications for facilitating the stress coping of workers who face acute and potentially traumatic stress exposures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
137.
In order to obtain the characteristics of in situ stress field in outburst mining area, using the hollow inclusion (HI) technique to measure the in situ stress of coal and gas outburst mining area. The measurement sites located in northeast, middle and east of china, which include eight mining areas such as Fuxin, Pingdingshan, Hebi and Huainan. Base on the analysis of measurement data from outburst mining area, conclusions could be obtained as follow: (a) major principal stress and minor principal stress is horizontal stress and interim principal stress is vertical stress, and the type of outburst area’s stress field is dynamic stress field; (b) the major principal stress and minor principal stress are higher than other regions and the tectonic stress is outstanding; and (c) the ratio of major principal and vertical stress is decrease with the increase of depth and the type of stress field is likely transfer dynamic to static. Thus, in situ stress plays a key role during the occurring and development of coal and gas outburst, which is an important reason of severe outburst in China. 相似文献
138.
基于电荷监测技术预测矿山动力灾害试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为提高矿山动力灾害预测准确率,应用自主研制的电荷传感器,将标准煤样置于三轴压力室内进行应力-电荷试验。分析围压对煤样压缩破坏过程中电荷信号的影响。结合现场测试,揭示工作面开挖过程中煤体应力与煤壁表面感应电荷的时间和空间变化规律。试验结果表明,煤体压缩过程中电荷信号的变化与煤体所处的应力水平关系密切,处于应力集中区域和应力松弛区域的煤体有明显脉冲状电荷信号,原始应力区电荷信号平稳,电荷信号的变化超前于煤体应力的变化,围压对电荷信号有延缓、强化的作用。 相似文献
139.
随着我国煤矿开采深度的逐年增加,瓦斯含量逐渐增大且赋存异常,回采工作面瓦斯超限问题严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产,而沿空留巷则是解决工作面瓦斯超限问题的最有效途径,但沿空留巷顶板稳定性控制问题则制约了沿空留巷技术在我国更广泛地推广应用。本文以顾桥矿1115(1)采煤工作面沿空留巷的成功案例为背景,全面研究分析了沿空留巷围岩活动的基本规律,对类似条件下的沿空留巷围岩控制具有重要的指导意义,使沿空留巷技术在我国得到更广泛的推广应用具有积极的现实意义。 相似文献
140.
纳米氧化镍(nNiO)作为一种广泛使用的纳米颗粒,其水生毒理效应研究还很有限。为探索n Ni O对海洋贝类的毒性机制,本研究将长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)置于不同浓度(0、1、10、100 mg·L~(-1))的n Ni O中暴露96 h,分别测定鳃和消化腺组织的丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定了鳃和消化腺中应激蛋白HSP70和AOX基因的表达变化。结果显示:在100 mg·L~(-1)n Ni O处理下,2种组织中MDA含量均显著性升高(P0.01),显示纳米颗粒造成了长牡蛎的脂质过氧化,并可能引起相应的氧化损伤。同时,n Ni O暴露也诱导了长牡蛎抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性的改变。其中,SOD和CAT活性在10 mg·L~(-1)浓度处理组达到最高,而POD活性在1 mg·L~(-1)浓度组即达最高值。在高浓度n Ni O(100 mg·L~(-1))胁迫下,3种抗氧化酶的活性均比低浓度(1和10 mg·L~(-1))处理组降低,表明抗氧化酶的保护作用在较低浓度暴露下更有效;而热激蛋白(hsp70)和交替氧化酶(aox)基因却分别在长牡蛎消化腺和鳃组织中上调表达(P0.01),并表现出一定的组织差异。说明高浓度纳米颗粒暴露中主要是应激蛋白发挥了作用。本文结果为纳米氧化镍对海洋双壳贝类的毒性机制研究及生态风险评估提供了基础数据。 相似文献