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991.
本文根据1951~1995年我国336个站逐旬降水量资料,采用服从皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布的旱涝Z指数,分析了40多年来我国夏季风活跃期的旱涝事实,并对旱涝灾的影响进行了评述 相似文献
992.
Stambuk-Giljanović N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,104(1-3):235-268
The purpose of this study was to monitor and record the specific characteristics and properties of most of the important water resources in Dalmatia located in Southern Croatia for a period of 5 years (1998–2002) according to established standards for drinking water. The paper presents a detailed account of their chemical content, the classification and the concentration of salts. The bacteriological pollution levels are indicated by the total coliform bacterial levels (MPN coli/100 mL). The water characteristics are expressed by coefficients, which represent the ratios between water ingredients. The Ca/Mg eq ratio, SO4/Cl eq ratio and K1, K2 for bicarbonate hardness were calculated. The hygienic characteristics of the water samples were expressed by the total coliform bacteria estimation (MPN coli/100 mL), the permanganate consumption (KMnO4) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5). Karst waters in Dalmatia are moderately hard, the SO4/Cl ratio is 0.38–1.6, non-corrosive (K1 lower than 0.2) and not significantly mineralised (< 500 mg/L minerals). Sulphate waters are generally hard, the SO4/Cl ratio is higher than 1.6, K1 is 0.2–0.65. Marine waters are quite hard or hard, particularly at the river estuaries, the SO4/Cl ratio is lower than 0.38, and K1 is higher than 0.65. The groundwater and springs in Dalmatia are less polluted than surface waters. A majority of these have a geometric average value of MPN coli < 150/100 mL of water observed in 24 of 42 locations studied. The highest bacteriological pollution was found in nine locations where MPN coli > 1000/100 mL and moderate pollution was found in nine locations where MPN coli is between 150 and 1000/100 mL of water. The physical and chemical parameters determined for the most sources in Dalmatia are safe below the international permissible limits. 相似文献
993.
Mercury (Hg) is among the most concerned contaminants in the world. It has three major chemical forms in the environment, including Hg0, Hg2 +, and methylmercury (MeHg). Due to their differences in toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability, speciation analysis is critical for understanding Hg cycling and fate in the environment. SnCl2 reduction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection is the most commonly used method for analyzing inorganic Hg. However, it should be noted that MeHg may also be reduced by SnCl2, which would result in the overestimation of inorganic Hg. In this study, the reduction of MeHg by SnCl2 in both de-ionized (DI) water and four natural waters was investigated. The results showed that MeHg could be reduced by SnCl2 in DI water whereas this reaction was hard to occur in tested natural waters. By investigating the effects of water chemical characteristics (dissolved organic matter, pH and common anions and cations) on this reaction, SO42 ? was identified to be the dominant factor prohibiting SnCl2 induced MeHg reduction in natural waters. SO42 ? in natural waters was evidenced to be reduced to S2 ? by SnCl2 and the generated S2 ? can complex with MeHg to form MeHgS? which is hard to be reduced by SnCl2. Findings of this study indicate that the effect of MeHg reduction by SnCl2 on inorganic Hg analysis is negligible in natural waters; however, at simulated experimental systems without SO42 ?, SO42 ? should be added as protecting agents to prevent MeHg reduction when analyzing inorganic Hg if it would not cause any other unwanted effects. 相似文献
994.
为了解城市景观水体中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum β-lactamases,ESBLs)细菌的种属分布和耐药特征,从西安市4处景观水体中分离出385株异养菌,利用双纸片协同试验筛选产ESBLs菌,并通过16S rDNA测序比对鉴定其种属.使用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法测定产ESBLs菌对氨苄西林、四环素、磺胺甲恶唑、环丙沙星和头孢唑肟的耐药表型.采用聚合酶链反应测定这些菌株是否携带β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM、blaCTX-M和blaSHV以及I类整合酶基因intI.结果表明:从城市景观水体中分离出19株产ESBLs菌,在异养菌中的占比为4.94%.这些产ESBLs菌株共计6属10种,主要为大肠埃希氏菌.它们对氨苄西林、四环素和磺胺甲恶唑普遍耐药,多重耐药菌占比为57.89%.这些产ESBLs菌株中I类整合子检出率高达89.47%,但3种β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的检出率很低. 相似文献
995.
Nana Osei B. Ackerson Hannah K. Liberatore Michael J. Plew Susan D. Richardson Thomas A. Ternes Stephen E. Duirk 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):90-101
This study investigated the speciation of halogen-specific total organic halogen and disinfection byproducts(DBPs) upon chlorination of natural organic matter(NOM) in the presence of iopamidol and bromide(Br~-).Experiments were conducted with low bromide source waters with different NOM characteristics from Northeast Ohio,USA and varied spiked levels of bromide(2-30 μmol/L) and iopamidol(1-5 μmol/L).Iopamidol was found to be a direct precursor to trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid formation,and in the presence of Br~-favored brominated analogs.The concentration and speciation of DBPs formed were impacted by iopamidol and bromide concentrations,as well as the presence of NOM.As iopamidol increased the concentration of iodinated DBPs(iodo-DBPs) and THMs increased.However,as Br~-concentrations increased,the concentrations of nonbrominated iodo-and chloro-DBPs decreased while brominated-DBPs increased.Regardless of the concentration of either iopamidol or bromide,bromochloroiodomethane(CHBrClI) was the most predominant iodo-DBP formed except at the lowest bromide concentration studied.At relevant concentrations of iopamidol(1 μmol/L) and bromide(2 μmol/L),significant quantities of highly toxic iodinated and brominated DBPs were formed.However,the rapid oxidation and incorporation of bromide appear to inhibit iodoDBP formation under conditions relevant to drinking water treatment. 相似文献
996.
石门台自然保护区具有调节气候、涵养水源、调节径流、保持水土、降低河流含沙量、净化大气和水质、保护野生生物物种等多种生态功能,但其生态系统也具有脆弱性.为了促进自然环境的良性循环,促进水资源的可持续利用和经济的可持续发展,提出以下建议:加强宣传教育,加强保护措施,改善管理技术水平,建立可持续发展的经济体系. 相似文献
997.
A new approach to sustainable tourism development: Moving beyond environmental protection 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Frederico Neto 《Natural resources forum》2003,27(3):212-222
Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world. It is an increasingly important source of income, employment and wealth in many countries. Its rapid expansion has, however, had detrimental environmental (and socio-cultural) impacts in many regions. In this article, I examine the main economic benefits and environmental impacts of tourism, and review the development of the international sustainable tourism agenda. While much of international tourism activity takes place within the developed world, this article will focus on the (economic) development of the industry in developing countries I conclude that new approaches to sustainable tourism development in these countries should not only seek to minimize local environmental impact, but also give greater priority to community participation and poverty alleviation. I argue, in particular, that more emphasis should be given to a 'pro-poor tourism' approach at both national and international levels. 相似文献
998.
ABSTRACTAs federal, state, and local governments and agencies respond to calls to make decisions and implement programs according to tenets of ‘good governance’, a need exists to develop methods for systematically evaluating performance. ‘Good governance’ has been characterized as including a wide array of principles, which vary across literatures. Comparatively little scholarship has sought to systematically quantify program achievement in accordance with these principles. We develop and present a scale for measuring program achievement in accordance with eight main principles of good governance: inclusivity, fairness, transparency, accountability, legitimacy, direction, performance, and capability. We present the results of a pilot implementation of the scale within the context of two community-based deer management programs. Our results suggest that these principles of good governance may not sort into distinct dimensions in a real-world context. 相似文献
999.
高速铁路事故预防措施的研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
结合我国高速铁路广深线 (广州—深圳 )及秦沈线 (秦皇岛—沈阳 )的工程设计过程 ,分析了可能引发铁路事故发生的几方面的主要原因 :速度控制问题、轨道故障、自然灾害等 ,并对这些事故因素提出了预防措施。这些措施的实施对减少铁路事故的发生有着重要作用 相似文献
1000.
D. L. Anderson P. C. Rosendahl 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(2):235-249
ABSTRACT: South Florida and the Everglades have been under intensive development since 1850 by Federal and State governments who encouraged and financed extensive drainage and hydraulic changes, primarily for agricultural settlement. Agricultural development of the sugar industry in the northern Everglades adjacent to Lake Okeechobee rapidly progressed only after the 1900s. Political and resource management conflicts have arisen because policies which once favored development are now being reversed by policies and regulation efforts to restore and conserve natural ecosystems. Currently, the environmental and ecological impacts of agricultural land use adjacent to natural wtlands of the Everglades are being assessed. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to outline the historical development of south Florida and the sugar industry, (2) to relate this history to political and management policy changes occurring as it pertains to ecosystem restoration and the multiuser competition for water/land resources, and (3) to propose how integrated resource management might be utilized for a sustainable Everglades and south Florida. This paper outlines the historical paradox of urban settlement, land development, and agricultural production, with efforts in the recent decade to acquire, manage, and preserve land and water resources for natural areas conservation. Only though the use of integrated resource management will the defined resource conflicts be mediated. 相似文献