Two independent mechanisms of egg recognition in worker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Formica fusca</Emphasis> ants

Informational constraints can be an important limitation on the accuracy of recognition. One potential constraint is the use of recognition information from the same sources in multiple discriminatory contexts. Worker wood ants, Formica fusca, discriminate eggs based on their maternal sources of origin in two main contexts: recognition of eggs laid by nestmate versus non-nestmate queens and recognition of worker-laid versus queen-laid eggs. We manipulated the experience of F. fusca workers in laboratory colonies to both worker-laid and queen-laid eggs by transferring eggs between colonies in order to investigate whether these two contexts of egg discrimination are independent. Experience of non-nestmate queen-laid eggs significantly increased worker acceptance of both familiar (18% accepted) and unfamiliar (10%) queen-laid eggs compared to control workers without experience of eggs other than those laid by their own colony’s queen (2%). In contrast, worker acceptance of worker-laid eggs was not affected by variation in the egg experience of workers (14% in workers from control colonies exposed only to eggs from their own colony’s queen versus 19% and 17% in workers from colonies which had received eggs laid by either a non-nestmate queen or nestmate workers, respectively). Our results suggest that these two recognition contexts do not strongly constrain each other and are different in their ontogeny. In particular, worker-laid eggs are universally discriminated against by workers from colonies with a queen whatever the egg experience of the workers, while non-nestmate queen-laid eggs are strongly discriminated against only by workers without experience of eggs laid by more than one queen.     

Odour-based species recognition in two sympatric species of sac-winged bats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccopteryx bilineata,S. leptura)</Emphasis>: combining chemical analyses,behavioural observations and odour preference tests

Combining chemical analysis and odour preference tests, we asked whether two closely related sympatric species of sac-winged bats use odour for species recognition. Males of the two sister species Saccopteryx bilineata and Saccopteryx leptura have pouches containing an odoriferous liquid in their antebrachial wing membrane, which is used in S. bilineata during courtship displays. Although both species occasionally share the same daytime roosts and are morphologically similar, there is no evidence for interbreeding. We compared the production and composition of the wing sac odorant in male S. leptura and S. bilineata and performed odour preference tests with female S. bilineata. Similar to male S. bilineata, male S. leptura cleansed and refilled their wing sacs with secretions, but they spent more time each day in doing so than male S. bilineata. Chemical analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that male Saccopteryx carried species-specific scents in their wing sacs. Binary choice tests confirmed that female S. bilineata preferred the wing sac scents of male S. bilineata to those of the sister species, suggesting that the species specificity of male wing sac scents maintain the pre-mating isolation barrier between these closely related species.     

社会经济活动对太湖流域的生态影响分析

采用系统分析的方法,围绕社会经济压力、水体污染负荷以及水体环境状态3个方面,建立社会经济活动对太湖流域生态影响的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法计算各指标因子的权重.根据太湖流域2005和2006年的相关数据,以MATLAB为工具,运用模糊模式识别方法进行流域生态综合评价,分析社会经济活动对太湖流域的生态影响.研究结果表明,太湖流域的社会经济活动对湖泊生态的影响较大,除了点源污染以外,面源污染也是太湖流域生态环境问题的重要根源.     

企业自创商誉的确认与计量

按照传统的会计处理模式和惯例,无形资产中可以辨认的专利权、商标权已予确认和计量,而对于商誉,国内会计准则规定,只有在企业并购时,才作为一项无形资产确认入账,即只对外购商誉进行确认和计量,而不确认和计量自创商誉．在新的经济形势下,对于自创商誉应该有新的认识,就对自创商誉的确认和计量问题做出一些论述．参5．     

Ri质粒转化烟草的影响因素及豌豆凝集素基因在烟草发根中的表达

对Ri质粒转化烟草的影响因素进行研究,以期获得较为理想的实验系统,用发根农杆菌介导,将豌豆凝集素基因导入烟草,获得转基因的烟草发根,GUS组织化学染色,蛋白免疫原位杂交证明,gus报告基因和豌豆凝集素基因已在转基因烟草发根中得到了转译表达,本结构将为瘤菌能否扩大宿主范围,为研究烟草与豌豆根瘤菌相互作用,结瘤固氮的可能性奠定基础。     

Separation of dissolved iron from the aqueous system with excess ligand

A new technique for the separation and pre-concentration of dissolved Fe(III) from the ligand-rich aqueous system is proposed. A solid phase extraction (SPE) system with an immobilized macrocyclic material, commonly known as molecular recognition technology (MRT) gel and available commercially, was used. Synthetic Fe(III) solution in aqueous matrices spiked with a 100-fold concentration of EDTA was used. Dissolved iron that was ‘captured’ by the MRT gel was eluted using hydrochloric acid and subsequently determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of different variables, such as pH, reagent concentration, flow rate and interfering ions, on the recovery of analyte was investigated. Quantitative maximum separation (∼100%) of the dissolved Fe(III) from synthetic aqueous solutions at a natural pH range was observed at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min^-1. The extraction efficiency of the MRT gel is largely unaltered by the coexisting ions commonly found in natural water. When compared with different SPE materials, the separation performance of MRT gel is also much higher.     

In silico prediction of Tetrahymena pyriformis toxicity for diverse industrial chemicals with substructure pattern recognition and machine learning methods

There is an increasing need for the rapid safety assessment of chemicals by both industries and regulatory agencies throughout the world. In silico techniques are practical alternatives in the environmental hazard assessment. It is especially true to address the persistence, bioaccumulative and toxicity potentials of organic chemicals. Tetrahymena pyriformis toxicity is often used as a toxic endpoint. In this study, 1571 diverse unique chemicals were collected from the literature and composed of the largest diverse data set for T. pyriformis toxicity. Classification predictive models of T. pyriformis toxicity were developed by substructure pattern recognition and different machine learning methods, including support vector machine (SVM), C4.5 decision tree, k-nearest neighbors and random forest. The results of a 5-fold cross-validation showed that the SVM method performed better than other algorithms. The overall predictive accuracies of the SVM classification model with radial basis functions kernel was 92.2% for the 5-fold cross-validation and 92.6% for the external validation set, respectively. Furthermore, several representative substructure patterns for characterizing T. pyriformis toxicity were also identified via the information gain analysis methods.     

基于模糊模式识别的系统安全模糊综合评价

针对模糊综合评价的不足之处,提出把权广义距离之和模糊模式识别运用到模糊综合评价当中,建立了基于模糊模式识别的模糊综合评价模型.通过对陕西某高层建筑火灾危险评价实例证明,该模型能使系统安全评价结果更准确、合理.     

Selective separation of deltamethrin by molecularly imprinted polymers using a β-cyclodextrin derivative as the functional monomer

A deltamethrin-imprinted polymer (MIP₁) was prepared using bis(-6-O-butanediacid monoester)-β-cyclodextrin (BBA-β-CD) as the functional monomer and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) as the cross-linker. In comparison to the molecularly imprinted polymer where β-CD was applied as the functional monomer (MIP₂), MIP₁ showed a higher specific binding capacity (ΔC_P) and an improved imprinting factor (IF) for deltamethrin. The selective recognition experiments demonstrated that compared to MIP₂, MIP₁ could better recognize its template over other substrates that had similar chemical structures. The solid phase extraction (SPE) of deltamethrin using MIP₁ as the adsorbent was further investigated. The recoveries of the molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) column for deltamethrin were 83.2–93.4% with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 2.03–6.19%. The method has been successfully applied to the enrichment of trace deltamethrin from real water samples.     

成本效益、政策认知与农村居民点整理农户补偿满意度研究

政策执行是政策目标实现的重要环节,政策执行的本质是主体之间考虑利益得失的利益博弈过程,利益推动行为主体执行或违反政策。农户是农村居民点整理的直接利益主体,农户自身利益需求与补偿政策的差异表现为补偿满意度,明晰农户补偿满意度影响因素,对解决农户利益需求缺位,提高农村居民点整理政策执行效率意义重大。本文在理论分析农村居民点整理农户补偿满意度影响因素的基础上,结合典型区域扬州市刘集镇农户补偿满意度调查,应用有序Logit模型,分析个人特征、家庭特征、成本效益及政策认知等因素对农村居民点整理农户补偿满意度的影响。研究结果表明:(1)农户补偿满意度受其自身和家庭禀赋特征影响,家庭劳动力人数较多、非农就业为主的农户,对农村土地的依赖性较低,补偿满意度会相应提升。(2)农户补偿满意度受成本效益因素显著影响,提高耕作便捷度、改善出行交通,会降低通勤成本,增加受益感知,进而提高农户补偿满意度;而日常消费上升、原有宅基地面积较大,会增加农户参与整理的成本投入,降低农户补偿满意度。(3)农户补偿满意度受政策认知因素明显影响,正面的政策制定评价、较高的政策执行满意度及农民收入增加的价值认同,均将提高农户补偿满意度。因此,应合理评估宅基地价值,重视农村居民点整理政策的长期影响评价,综合考量农村居民点整理政策实施前后农户的总成本和综合效益确定合理的补偿标准,以优化利益分配格局。并通过推进配套制度改革完善、规范政策执行机制等措施提高整理区农户的社会福利及政策认同。