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141.
Xiaofeng Zhang Tongxu Liu Fangbai Li Xiaomin Li Yanhong Du Huanyun Yu Xiangqin Wang Chuanpin Liu Mi Feng Bing Liao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(2):90-98
Nitrate (NO3?) is known to be actively involved in the processes of mineralization and heavy metal transformation; however, it is unclear whether and how it affects the bioavailability of antimony (Sb) in paddy soils and subsequent Sb accumulation in rice. Here, the effects of NO3? on Sb transformation in soil-rice system were investigated with pot experiments over the entire growth period. Results demonstrated that NO3? reduced Sb accumulation in brown rice by 15.6% compared to that in the control. After amendment with NO3?, the Sb content in rice plants increased initially and then gradually decreased (in roots by 46.1%). During the first 15 days, the soil pH increased, the oxidation of Sb(III) and sulfides was promoted, but the reduction of iron oxide minerals was inhibited, resulting in the release of adsorbed and organic-bound Sb from soil. The microbial arsenite-oxidizing marker gene aoxB played an important role in Sb(III) oxidation. From days 15 to 45, after NO3? was partially consumed, the soil pH decreased, and the reductive dissolution of Fe(III)-bearing minerals was enhanced; consequently, iron oxide-bound Sb was transformed into adsorbed and dissolved Sb species. After day 45, NO3? was completely reduced, Sb(V) was evidently reduced to Sb(III), and green rust was generated gradually. Thus, the available Sb decreased due to its enhanced affinity for iron oxides. Moreover, NO3? inhibited the reductive dissolution of iron minerals, which ultimately caused low Sb availability. Therefore, NO3? can chemically and biologically reduce the Sb availability in paddy soils and alleviate Sb accumulation in rice. This study provides a potential strategy for decreasing Sb accumulation in rice in the Sb-contaminated sites. 相似文献
142.
143.
水中亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌检测方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
陈捷音 《环境监测管理与技术》2007,19(3):49-51
介绍了亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌的培养方法,并用MPN法计数亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌.对判断培养物中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐存在的显色反应进行了对比试验.结果表明, 在NO-3的显色反应中,可用氨基磺酸铵溶液作为NO-2的抑制剂,并且要先加入二苯胺,再滴加浓硫酸,这样更便于结果观察.指出硝化细菌培养基对于显色反应没有影响,NO-2显色的质量浓度为0.15 mg/L. 相似文献
144.
145.
Hui Chen Fengkui Duan Jingjing Du Ranhao Yin Lidan Zhu Jinlu Dong Kebin He Zhenli Sun Suhua Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(6):216-224
The nondestructive characterization of the mixing state of individual fine particles using the traditional single particle analysis technique remains a challenge. In this study, fine particles were collected during haze events under different pollution levels from September 5 to 11 2017 in Beijing, China. A nondestructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique was employed to investigate the morphology, chemical composition, and mixing state of the multiple components in the individual fine particles. Optical image and SERS spectral analysis results show that soot existing in the form of opaque material was predominant during clear periods (PM2.5 ≤ 75 µg/m3). During polluted periods (PM2.5 > 75 µg/m3), opaque particles mixed with transparent particles (nitrates and sulfates) were generally observed. Direct classical least squares analysis further identified the relative abundances of the three major components of the single particles: soot (69.18%), nitrates (28.71%), and sulfates (2.11%). A negative correlation was observed between the abundance of soot and the mass concentration of PM2.5. Furthermore, mapping analysis revealed that on hazy days, PM2.5 existed as a core-shell structure with soot surrounded by nitrates and sulfates. This mixing state analysis method for individual PM2.5 particles provides information regarding chemical composition and haze formation mechanisms, and has the potential to facilitate the formulation of haze prevention and control policies. 相似文献
146.
Nitrogen (N) is vital for plant and microbial growth and rather large amounts are required by most arable and horticulture plants. High nitrate (NO3−) levels of water supplies have been attributed to leaching from the soil and into water systems. In the arid and semi-arid regions, irrigation water carries NO3− into groundwater. This study was conducted to investigate NO3− pollution of groundwater in Hamadan, western Iran. The water samples were mostly taken from domestic and community wells. In this area, the drinking water supply comes mainly from groundwater sources. Nitrate concentrations in the well samples varied from 3 to 252 with the average of 49 mg l−1. Results showed that of 311 wells, 196 (63%) had levels less than 50 mg l−1 and 115 (37%) had levels in excess of the 50 mg l−1 NO3−. Agriculture is the dominant land use in the area and application of N fertilizers clearly has an impact on groundwater. If agricultural losses remain stable, it could be expected that the concentration of NO3− in groundwater will reach or exceed the international recommendations for drinking water (50 mg l−1) in the future. Irrigation with high NO3− groundwater can minimise the requirement for N fertilizers. To maintain yield increase and minimise NO3− pollution of the groundwater, best management practices, for N fertilizer use should be applied and excessive fertilizer application prevented. 相似文献
147.
148.
试验表明;组织未受损伤的新鲜蔬菜样品在20~30℃与4℃下可分别保存3天与7天其NO_3含量基本不变;捣碎的样品在4℃可保存4~6h;经100℃烘煮后,又在4℃处理可保存一夜;样品干燥后在干燥器中存放20天内含量不变,但受潮后极易变化。 相似文献
149.
单扫描极谱法同时测定环境水样中微量硝酸根和亚硝酸根 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在浓硫酸介质中 ,8-羟基喹啉与硝酸根的硝化产物在 p H9.0左右的 NH3-NH4Cl的缓冲溶液中 ,于 -0 .6 3V处产生灵敏的导数波 ,波高与硝酸根浓度在 0 .0 1~ 2 .5μg· m l- 1 范围呈线性关系 ,检测限为 0 .0 0 4μg· ml- 1 。测定相对标准偏差小于 2 .7% ,样品加标回收率为 96 .0 %~ 10 4.2 % ,亚硝酸根经 H2 O2 氧化处理亦可进行测定。本法可用于地表水、雨水中微量硝酸根、亚硝酸根的同时测定 相似文献
150.
Hydraulic constraints on the performance of a groundwater denitrification wall for nitrate removal from shallow groundwater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Schipper LA Barkle GF Hadfield JC Vojvodic-Vukovic M Burgess CP 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2004,69(3-4):263-279
Denitrification walls are a practical approach for decreasing non-point source pollution of surface waters. They are constructed by digging a trench perpendicular to groundwater flow and mixing the aquifer material with organic matter, such as sawdust, which acts as a carbon source to stimulate denitrification. For efficient functioning, walls need to be permeable to groundwater flow. We examined the functioning of a denitrification wall constructed in an aquifer consisting of coarse sands. Wells were monitored for changes in nitrate concentration as groundwater passed through the wall and soil samples were taken to measure microbial parameters inside the wall. Nitrate concentrations upstream of the wall ranged from 21 to 39 g N m(-3), in the wall from 0 to 2 g N m(-3) and downstream from 19 to 44 g N m(-3). An initial groundwater flow investigation using a salt tracer dilution technique showed that the flow through the wall was less than 4% of the flow occurring in the aquifer. Natural gradient tracer tests using bromide and Rhodamine-WT confirmed groundwater bypass under the wall. Hydraulic conductivity of 0.48 m day(-1) was measured inside the wall, whereas the surrounding aquifer had a hydraulic conductivity of 65.4 m day(-1). This indicated that during construction of the wall, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer had been greatly reduced, so that most of the groundwater flowed under rather than through the wall. Denitrification rates measured in the center of the wall ranged from 0.020 to 0.13 g N m(-3) day(-1), which did not account for the rates of nitrate removal (0.16-0.29 g N m(-3) day(-1)) calculated from monitoring of groundwater nitrate concentrations. This suggested that the rate of denitrification was greater at the upstream face of the wall than in its center where it was limited by low nitrate concentrations. While denitrification walls can be an inexpensive tool for removing nitrate from groundwater, they may not be suitable in aquifers with coarse textured subsoils where simple inexpensive construction techniques result in major decreases in hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献