顶空气相色谱法快速测定土壤中苯、苯胺和硝基苯

采用顶空气相色谱法快速测定土壤中苯、苯胺和硝基苯,优化了试验条件.方法在0 mg/L～100 mg/L范围内线性良好,苯、苯胺、硝基苯的检出限分别为0.012 mg/kg、0.22 mg/kg、0.083 mg/kg,实际土样测定的RSD≤1.4%,加标回收率为94.0%～102%.     

液液萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中硝基苯类化合物

采用液液萃取－气相色谱法测定饮用水中10种硝基苯类化合物,通过萃取条件优化试验,选择正己烷为萃取剂,使目标物在0μg／L～38.5μg／L之间线性良好,检出限为0.002μg／L ～0．005μg／L。实际饮用水样的加标回收率为80.8％～104％,RSD＜3％。用该方法测定桂林市4个水厂饮用水,结果硝基苯、间－二硝基苯、2,4－二硝基氯苯未检出,其余7种硝基苯类化合物虽有检出,但检出值均低于标准规定的限值。     

Tolerance, uptake and removal of nitrobenzene by a newly-found remediation species Mirabilis jalapa L

The growth, photosynthesis rate, and ultrastructure of Mirabilis jalapa L. as a newly-found remediation species under stress of nitrobenzene (NB) and its uptake and removal of NB by the plants were investigated. The results showed that M. jalapa plants could endure contaminated soils by lower than 10.0 mg NB kg⁻¹ because there was no decrease in the total length of the plant roots, the maximum length of the hypocotyle, the length of the first seminal root, the height of the shoots and the dry biomass of the seedlings as well as the photosynthesis rate of the plants compared with those in the control. In particular, the growth of the plants could be significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced by 0.1 mg NB kg⁻¹ under unautoclaved and autoclaved soils. Ultrastructural observations on leaf cells of the plants found that these cells had smooth, clean and continuous cell membranes and cell walls, indicating that there was no obvious damage by NB in comparison with those in the control. Although the absorption of NB in shoots and roots of M. jalapa was weak, plant-promoted biodegradation of NB was considerable and the dominant contribution in the removal of NB from contaminated soils, suggesting the feasibility of M. jalapa applied to phytoremediation of NB contaminated soils.     

Effect of nitrobenzene on the performance and bacterial community in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor treating high-sulfate organic wastewater

Less than 50 mg/L nitrobenzene brought little effect on anaerobic sulfate reduction. Kinetics of sulfate reduction under different nitrobenzene contents was studied. Increased nitrobenzene contents greatly changed the bacterial community structure. Genus Desulfovibrio played the key role in anaerobic sulfate reduction process. Nitrobenzene (NB) is frequently found in wastewaters containing sulfate and may affect biological sulfate reduction process, but information is limited on the responses of sulfate reduction efficiency and microbial community to the increased NB contents. In this study, a laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor was operated continuously to treat high-sulfate organic wastewater with increased NB contents. Results successfully demonstrated that the presence of more than 50 mg/L NB depressed sulfate reduction and such inhibition was partly reversible. Bath experiments showed that the maximum specific desulfuration activity (SDA) decreased from 135.80 mg SO₄^2?/gVSS/d to 30.78 mg SO₄^2?/gVSS/d when the NB contents increased from none to 400 mg/L. High-throughput sequencing showed that NB also greatly affected bacterial community structure. Bacteroidetes dominated in the bioreactor. The abundance of Proteobacteria increased with NB addition while Firmicutes presented an opposite trend. Proteobacteria gradually replaced Firmicutes for the dominance in response to the increase of influent NB concentrations. The genus Desulfovibrio was the dominant sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with absence or presence of NB, but was inhibited under high content of NB. The results provided better understanding for the biological sulfate reduction under NB stress.     

树脂吸附法处理硝化废水

研究采用树脂吸附法处理硝化废水的效果,通过静态吸附实验,从14种树脂中筛选出国产大孔吸附树脂AB-8,在酸性条件下处理硝化废水效果较好,用于动态吸附实验,采用2 BV·h-1,3 BV·h-1,6 BV·h-1等3种不同流速进行动态吸附实验.实验结果显示:硝基苯去除率为70%,硝基氯苯去除率为99%,CODCr去除率为43%,用工业乙醇作脱附剂,洗脱效果较好,树脂再生后可重复使用.     

厌氧条件下硝基苯降解的可行性研究

本文研究了在厌氧条件下硝基苯降解成低级产物甲烷等的可行性,对几种降解途径进行了热力学计算,通过计算和实验,得出硝基苯在厌氧条件下可以降解为甲烷等低级产物。     

超临界水氧化技术处理基苯废水研究

在实验装置上对超临界水氧化技术处理硝基苯废水进行了研究，主要考查了硝基苯的脱除率与反应时间，温度和压力的关系，实验结果表明超临界水中的氧化反应能有效却除污水中的硝基苯，反应时间，反应温度是影响硝基苯脱除率的重要因素。     

萃取法去除硝基苯生产废水中的硝基酚

用苯、N 50 3 苯作萃取剂对硝基苯生产废水进行处理 ,用苯萃取 3次可使硝基酚的含量达国家规定的三级排放标准 ,而用N 50 3 苯萃取剂萃取废水 2次可使硝基酚含量达到国家规定的一级排放标准。N 50 3的用量宜为萃取剂总量的 2 0 %～ 30 %。     

Fe~0对土壤中硝基苯的还原作用

以恒温培养为方法,GC-MS为检测手段,研究了在常温常压下土壤中硝基苯(NB)在Fe0作用下的还原反应。结果表明:Fe0能将硝基苯苯环上的硝基转化为胺基,从而达到降低毒性、增加可生化性目的。反应条件如时间、零价铁用量、初始pH等均对NB的还原效率有重要影响,特别是当初始pH值控制在偏酸时更有利于反应的进行。在硝基苯浓度约为0.0025mmol/g的2.00g模拟污染土壤中,Fe0加入量50mg、初始pH=4、反应时间5h的条件下,零价铁对土壤中NB的还原效率可达到96.58%。此外,本文还对Fe0还原NB的反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

O_3氧化处理苯胺、硝基苯废水的试验研究

利用Ｏ_３处理含苯胺、硝基苯有机废水，反应速度快、效果好这一特点使苯胺和硝基苯的去除率分别达到９５％和９９％，处理后废水可达标排放。