Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Egypt: The Fuka-Matrouh project

Egyptian coastlines comprise more than 3000 km along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The coastal area of Egypt is under severe and increasing pressure. After passing the law on the Environment (Law 4) in 1994, the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) was designated as the responsible agency to implement this law. In this respect, the EEAA formulates the general policy and prepares the necessary plans for the protection and promotion of the environment. Also, it follows up the implementation of such plans in coordination with competent administrative authorities. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is one of the items regulated and addressed by Law 4/94. A framework programme for ICZM in Egypt was issued in 1996. This paper presents the results of a pilot project financed by the Mediterranean Action Programme Coastal Area Management (CAMP), namely ‘Fuka-Matrouh-Egypt’ project, and implemented by the Priority Action Plan/Regional Activity Centre. It also presents the methodology followed in the study and the experience gained nationally that would lead to the sustainable development of the northwest Egyptian Coast.     

Incorporating the Effects of Socioeconomic Uncertainty into Priority Setting for Conservation Investment

Abstract:  Uncertainty in the implementation and outcomes of conservation actions that is not accounted for leaves conservation plans vulnerable to potential changes in future conditions. We used a decision-theoretic approach to investigate the effects of two types of investment uncertainty on the optimal allocation of global conservation resources for land acquisition in the Mediterranean Basin. We considered uncertainty about (1) whether investment will continue and (2) whether the acquired biodiversity assets are secure, which we termed transaction uncertainty and performance uncertainty, respectively. We also developed and tested the robustness of different rules of thumb for guiding the allocation of conservation resources when these sources of uncertainty exist. In the presence of uncertainty in future investment ability (transaction uncertainty), the optimal strategy was opportunistic, meaning the investment priority should be to act where uncertainty is highest while investment remains possible. When there was a probability that investments would fail (performance uncertainty), the optimal solution became a complex trade-off between the immediate biodiversity benefits of acting in a region and the perceived longevity of the investment. In general, regions were prioritized for investment when they had the greatest performance certainty, even if an alternative region was highly threatened or had higher biodiversity value. The improved performance of rules of thumb when accounting for uncertainty highlights the importance of explicitly incorporating sources of investment uncertainty and evaluating potential conservation investments in the context of their likely long-term success.     

华北平原分区适宜性农业节水技术与潜力

华北平原现状农田灌溉水利用率为43 1 % ,节水潜力较大。论文通过分区诊断与适应性农业节水技术评价计算 ,提出了2010年和2030年水平年分区适宜性农业节水技术发展的综合排序 ,并以现状为基点 ,计算与分析了两个水平年分区不同农田灌溉技术的发展规模和相应的节水量     

华北山区环境综合整治与生态建设

华北山区位于华北平原与陕甘黄土高原以及内蒙古高原之间，是我国经济欠发达地区之一。它又是我国华北平原、京津唐等大城市工农业和生活用水的主要源地，生态环境类型复杂多样，但由于人类活动频繁，自然植被破坏严重，生态系统结构紊乱，功能脆弱，自身恢复能力较弱。积极开展华北山区的环境综合整治与生态建设不仅对解决当地人民的生活和生存问题具有重要的意义，而且对于我国华北地区经济的发展也具有重要的战略意义。本文详细分析了华北山区的生态系统特点和存在的问题，并在此基础上提出在该区环境综合整治与生态建设的具体措施和途径。     

陕北竞技体育人力资源现状与开发对策研究

采用文献资料法,问卷调查法,统计法,从"省运会"、"全运会"、"国际大赛"3个层面,对陕北竞技体育的实力现状进行分析;从数量和质量两个角度探讨陕北竞技体育人力资源的乐观面与存在的问题,提出开发人力资源的对策.     

西北冰洋海域表层沉积物中厌氧菌分布特征

用逐步稀释法在4℃和25℃培养条件下测定了西北冰洋海域24个表层沉积物样品中厌氧菌(Anaerobic bacteria,AAB) 的检出率和含量.同时,分析了这两项指标的水平分布（纬度间、经度间）差异,以及在不同水深的变化特征.结果表明,在4℃和25℃培养条件下厌氧菌检出率高达100%,AAB含量范围分别为9.00×102~2.40×107cell·g-1和2.90×104~2.40×107cell·g-1,平均含量分别为4.54×106cell·g-1和3.99×106cell·g-1.AAB含量存在水平分布差异,随着纬度升高,或经度自西向东,或水深的加大,AAB的含量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势.     

西部工业化与生态文明发展模式的实证及相关性分析

自从国家实施西部大开发战略以来,西部地区就不断探索工业化的发展道路,在工业化的有力带动下,西部的经济发展很快。但西部地区工业化现存发展模式严重依赖能源、资源,由于对生态资源毫无节制地开发和利用,环境污染和生态破坏严重。本文通过采用典型相关分析的方法对西部工业化与生态文明建设发展模式的相关性进行分析,探寻保障我国西部能源供应、实现经济可持续发展的重要战略,试图探索实现我国西部节能规划目标的节能服务产业。用博弈论的方法分析节能服务企业的机会主义行为对节能服务产业发展的不利影响,探寻节能服务模式在我国西部发展受阻的原因,并提出了促进节能服务产业发展的对策建议。实现西部工业化和生态文明协调发展,促进西部地区经济的和谐发展。     

Comparison of using polyurethane foam passive samplers and tree bark samples from Western China to determine atmospheric organochlorine pesticide

Polyurethane foam(PUF)passive samplers were deployed and tree bark samples were collected at 15 sites across western China in 2013,and the organochlorine pesticide(OCP)concentrations in the samples were determined.Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products(collectively called DDTs),hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs),and hexachlorobenzene(HCB)were the dominant OCPs in the PUF samples and tree bark samples.The mean DDTs,HCHs and HCB concentrations were 33,22 and 18 ng/sample in the PUF samples,and 428,74,and 43 ng/(g lipid weight(lw))in the tree bark,respectively.The OCP concentrations in the air,calculated using PUF–air and tree-bark–air partitioning models,were of the same order of magnitude.Both sample types showed that relatively fresh inputs of DDT and HCHs to the environment have occurred in western China.Meanwhile,PUF passive samplers were compared with the use of tree bark samples as passive samplers.The OCP compositions in the PUF and tree bark samples were different.Only the relatively stable OCPs(such as HCB,β-HCH and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene(DDE))were consistent in the PUF and tree bark samples.     

低浓度Pb2+、Cd2+对鲫鱼肝脏组织中 HSP70诱导的影响

以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)作为实验对象,经过40 d Pb2+、Cd2+不同浓度的暴露后,运用SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting方法检测鱼肝脏组织内应激蛋白HSP70的诱导表达情况.结果表明,在实验浓度下,与对照组相比,Pb2+、Cd2+对鱼肝脏内HSP70有显著的诱导(P＜0.05),但在Cd2+浓度为0.2 mg/L有停止表达HSP70的现象,可能是由于浓度过高造成了组织病理损伤而破坏了诱导表达机制.实验还发现,在实验浓度低于国家渔业用水标准时,HSP70仍然表现为明显诱导(P＜0.05),充分说明运用分子生物学指标要比传统的环境检测指标敏感,具有对污染物早期预警的作用.     

华北暴雨云和降水的中/微尺度结构特征(Ⅰ)——一次暴雨的天气背景研究

为研究华北暴雨形成时的中尺度与微尺度的结构特征,选取发生于2005年7月22-24日的一次华北暴雨过程为研究对象,利用1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料和0.05°×0.05°的FY2C红外TBB资料,对此次暴雨过程发生时的天气形势、水汽输送、大气稳定度、云场特征进行了分析.结果表明:此次暴雨过程是在登陆台风和西风槽的共同影响下产生的,高空槽后的西风急流入侵到华北北部,低层副高西侧的东南急流位于华北东部,使得华北地区上空形成了有利于触发对流的低层辐合和高层辐散的天气形势.低层印度季风与我国南海夏季风对水汽的北上有重要作用,还有一部分水汽系来自副高西侧的东南风急流输送;高层水汽主要是由偏东气流经副高西侧向西,然后转向北输送到华北;华北地区的低层存在较强的水汽辐合,高层存在相对较弱的水汽辐散区,这为暴雨发生提供了必要的水汽条件.