台湾南投7.6级地震与浙江省地倾斜异常特征分析

总结了 19990 92 1台湾 7.6级大震前浙江省地倾斜异常特征 ,并结合预报过程进行较深入的分析。认为这些前兆异常应属台湾 9.2 1大震引起。这对识别分析今后该区域出现同类型的前兆信息 ,为地震时空强预测提供了重要的参考依据。     

盐碱胁迫对水稻幼苗中基因差异表达的影响

为了阐明已分离的盐碱适应性相关基因(Liuetal, 2000)的表达特性,以14d叶龄的水稻品种日本晴幼苗为材料,分别经NaHCO3 (60mmol/L,pH8. 50) )处理6h、12h、24h、48h, 及不同pH值(pH4. 50, 6. 50, 8. 50, 10. 50)的NaCl(100mmol/L), NaHCO3 (60mmol/L)和Na2CO3 (30mmol/L)处理24h, 以分析时间效应及浓度与pH值间的联合效应. 结果表明,与对照(H2O, pH6. 50)相比较,NaHCO3 (60mmol/L)处理6h、12h、24h、48h后,mitochondrialAT Pase6×103的转录本分别提高2. 73、0. 82、0. 01和1. 79倍;cAPX转录本在24h和48h较对照提高1. 17和1. 49倍;处理6h后CA和HSP90基因表达受显著抑制;UDPG-GT增强表达的滞后期为6h;thioredoxin受NaHCO3轻微抑制.不同pH值和24h处理条件下,NaHCO3和Na2CO3显著促进mitochondrialATPase6×103基因表达.CA基因表达受Na 、HCO-3 和pH的共同影响;而thioredoxin主要受Na 和pH的双重影响; cAPX也表现出类似趋势.UDPG-GT在Na2CO3处理中表达量最高,HSP90的表达随pH的升高而降低. 图6表2参13     

渤海北部典型芳香烃类化合物污染状况及生态风险评价

为探究渤海北部海上油气区及周边近岸海域典型芳香烃类化合物污染状况,2015年5月现场采集了32个站位的海水样品,针对7种苯系物(BTEX)和17种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测定,并采用商值法和毒性当量法对污染物开展单一和联合生态风险评估。结果显示,研究海域海水中7种苯系物总含量范围为65.1～222.6 ng·L~(-1),以甲苯含量最高,表层含量略低于底层,油气区平均含量低于周边近岸,受到陆源污染输入的影响特征明显。表层海水中ΣPAHs含量范围为98.9～356.0 ng·L~(-1),平均值为184.5 ng·L~(-1),以低环芳烃占优势,总体处于中等水平,比值法判定该海域PAHs可能主要来源于石油及其加工产品。该海域海水中苯并(a)芘的风险商RQ值大于0.1,表现出低度风险,其余3种处于可接受水平。4种芳香烃类化合物联合生态风险等级为低度风险,对生态系统具有潜在的不利影响,但不同区域仍存在一定差异性,海上石油开采与陆源输入是影响该海域个别区域生态风险较高的重要因素。     

A primary study of nitrous oxide emission in agriculture region of Northern China

Significance of nitrous oxide in atmospheric chemistry is reviewed briefly. Background concentration of N2O at Wudaoliang in Qinghai Province of Western China has been measured by collecting gas samples and analysing them with electron capture-gas chromatography. The atmospheric concentration fluctuates in the range of 303-315 ppb with the mean value of 308 ppb. The emission rate of N2O in agriculture region of Northern China has been studied primarily. Fertilization, rain and temperature of soil appear conductible to N2O emission. The interactions between greenhouse effect and N2O emission have been discussed. The catalytic action of N2O in stratospheric ozone depletion processes and the effect of high N2O concentration on ozone depletion in stratosphere have been considered and discussed.     

城乡融合背景下淮海经济区乡村发展潜力——以苏北地区为例

乡村可持续发展与建设是乡村振兴的目标与愿景,也是推进城乡发展一体化、构建可持续城乡融合系统的落脚点,在城市化进程不断加剧背景下,明确乡村发展阶段与状态、测度发展潜力对有效识别乡村未来发展方向和模式、实现乡村可持续发展与建设具有重要意义。以地处淮海经济区核心区的苏北地区为研究对象,以7980个行政村为评价单元研究村域单元的乡村发展状态,通过县域尺度上对城乡发展阶段进行约束,以“差异化+一致性”的思路进行乡村发展潜力的综合测度。研究结果如下：（1）研究区乡村可分为“城镇主导”“城乡联动”和“乡村主导”三类发展阶段,数量占比分别为15.38%、46.15%和38.46%;（2）研究区乡村发展状态指数最大值和平均值分别为6.209和1.714,具有高值区、低值区集聚的特征;（3）研究区乡村发展潜力最大值和平均值分别为2.827和0.923,发展潜力为低、较低、中等、较高和高的评价单元占比分别为4.45%、15.20%、23.22%、35.39%和21.74%;（4）依据乡村发展潜力可将研究区分为“重点挖潜区”“权衡挖潜区”“适度挖潜区”及“重要维护区”四类,建议分别采用“激发隐性活力,缩小区内差距”“以优势要素带动,实现区域权衡发展”“明确发展劣势条件,适度填补潜力空间”及“保持发展模式,实现稳定发展”的发展思路。     

皖北地区乡村稀释化特征、影响因素及形成机制——基于城乡关系的视角

乡村稀释化是指城乡关系失衡下乡村人口持续减少、社会活力凋敝、人居空间不断被稀释的过程,是我国快速城镇化进程中乡村空间问题的动态化呈现,是新时代乡村地理学亟待深化研究的课题。基于城乡关系视角,从人口活力、土地利用和社会活动三个维度对皖北地区乡村稀释化进行测度,综合运用空间自相关、地理加权回归、地理探测器等方法,揭示皖北地区乡村稀释化时空特征、影响因素及形成机制。结果表明：（1）近10年皖北地区乡村稀释化呈现出阶段性加速化过程、多维度差异化状态、集聚性分异化空间格局等特征;（2）人均水资源量、农业从业人口密度、贫困发生率、城乡居民收入差异系数、单位乡村小学在校生人数、每万农村居民村卫生室医生数等要素对皖北地区乡村稀释化影响显著;（3）在特定城乡关系背景下,基于区域本底条件,城市系统的控制引导与乡村系统的被动响应共同推动了乡村稀释化的形成和蔓延。科学认知乡村稀释化,可为乡村振兴与城乡融合发展精准施策提供理论指导。     

陕北黄土高原239+240Pu大气湿沉降历史重建

重建Pu同位素的大气沉降历史是开展Pu示踪应用以及核事故安全评价的重要基础。本研究根据东京年降水量和^239+240Pu年大气沉降数据,并结合经验模型对陕北黄土高原^239+240Pu年湿沉降通量进行初探。结果表明,1957~2005年间研究区^239+240Pu年湿沉降通量在0.000 2~4.116 7 Bq/m²之间,累计湿沉降通量为14.08 Bq/m²;通过与周边土壤剖面的Pu总量对比发现陕北黄土高原Pu同位素的干湿沉降比为1左右。在时间变化上,上世纪60年代初全球大规模核试验导致研究区1963年^239+240Pu湿沉降通量出现峰值,1964~2000年Pu湿沉降通量呈明显减小趋势,2001~2005年亚洲粉尘的地表再悬浮过程使得^239+240Pu年湿沉降通量有所增加。     

北黄海大气氮氧化物的季节分布

根据2006年夏季2、007年冬春秋四个季节分别对北黄海进行的大面调查,分析研究了四季氮氧化物(NOx)的季节变化和浓度分布。结果显示,大气NOx浓度呈现明显的季节变化,表现为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季,冬季北黄海空气中NOx浓度的平均值分别是春季的4倍、夏季的2倍和秋季的2.1倍。NOx浓度在北黄海的不同区域特征呈现为近岸向远岸逐渐降低的趋势,说明陆源污染物对北黄海NOx分布有较大影响。     

Effectiveness of territorial polygyny and alternative mating strategies in northern fur seals, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Callorhinus ursinus</Emphasis>

We conducted a 6-year longitudinal behavioral and genetic investigation of a highly polygynous pinniped, the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), to determine the contribution of terrestrial polygyny to male fertilization success and to assess the occurrence of alternative mating strategies. Genetic samples from 37 adult males, 50 adult females, and 85 pups were collected and genotyped using five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Pup paternity was assigned using Cervus 2.0 at 99% confidence level. Paternity of 83 pups (98%) was assigned to terrestrial males who held territories or stayed temporarily in the study area during the breeding season when fertilization occurred. For 56 pups of which attendance records of their mothers were available, paternity of 45 pups (80%) was assigned to the associate males in whose territory their mothers stayed during the perioestrus period. In addition to defending breeding territories, territorial males have often been observed attempting to forcibly abduct adult females from adjacent territories (female stealing): We observed a total of 95 such cases, in which the stealers had significantly fewer females than the territorial males from whose territories they stole females. Our results indicate that terrestrial resource-defense polygyny is the major mating system in this species and that nonassociated paternity occurs mostly as a result of alternative mating strategies of less successful males. Male northern fur seals thus appear to adopt conditional alternative strategies that depend on their current social status to maximize their life-time reproductive success.     

Observations on phytoplankton productivity in relation to hydrography in the Northern Adriatic

This work, carried out within the framework of the PRISMA II project, aims at evaluating the effects of the Po River flow on primary productivity, measured by C with in situ sample incubations. A total of four cruises was carried out in late winter and early summer (1996-1998) along transects from the coast offshore. In both seasons, the highest primary productivity was found in the most oligohaline stations. The effects of the Po River inputs were therefore clearly evident in the westernmost area, both in high productivity values and in the shape of productivity profiles. In late winter, extensive blooms of Skeletonema costatum and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima resulted in productivity values that were sometimes higher than in early summer. In early summer 1996, greatly reduced river flow clearly influenced productivity which was much lower than in 1997.