固定化菌藻系统及对污水中氮磷营养盐的净化效果

利用海藻酸钙分别包埋固定小球藻、活性污泥及其两者混合物.研究固定态小球藻与悬浮态小球藻对污水中氮磷营养盐的处理效果,实验结果表明固定态藻对氮磷的去除效果明显优于悬浮态藻,其原因主要由于海藻酸钙凝胶对氮磷的吸附,系统pH值提高引起氨的气提及磷酸盐的沉淀作用.研究固定化藻、同定化活性污泥及共固定化菌藻分别对污水中氮磷营养盐的处理效果,在同等条件下,固定化菌藻对氮磷的去除效果优于固定化活性污泥和固定化藻类.这项研究显示菌藻共生在污水处理中具有较大的潜力.     

约翰内斯堡工艺的工程实践

通过监测城市污水处理厂约翰内斯堡工艺脱氮除磷各处理单元实际运行情况,分析该工艺实际运行效果,探讨该工艺中溶解氧(DO)、污泥龄(SRT)、碳源等因素对系统脱氮除磷效果的影响。     

高氮渗滤液缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR工艺低温深度脱氮

在低温条件下,采用缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实际垃圾填埋场渗滤液.结果表明,该工艺可实现有机物和氮的同步、深度去除.在进水COD平均为11950.2mg/L,NH4+-N为982.7mg/L的条件下,出水分别为390.1mg/L和2.9mg/L,去除率分别为96.7%和99.7%.同时,缺氧UASB1反应器的最大COD负荷达到13kg/(m3×d),最大COD去除速率为12.39 kg/(m3×d),具有高效缺氧反硝化和高效厌氧降解有机物反应的双重功效, 在SBR反应器的缺氧段和缺氧UASB,反应器内获得了99%以上的反硝化率.对于冬季水温分别为14.9,14.1,13.5,11.05℃的低温条件下,SBR反应器实现了完全硝化和反硝化,出水TN分别为4.1,5.7,14.1,16.5mg/L,达到了深度脱氮的目的.此外,在上述温度范围内,温度对反硝化速率(rN)的影响大于对硝化速率 (rDN)的影响, rN/rDN比值相对恒定.     

高锰酸钾预氧化并复合高岭土与聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝去除水中颤藻

采用高锰酸钾预氧化复合高岭士与聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝,对去除水中颤藻进行了研究.通过正交试验得出了在试验水质条件下,颤藻去除最佳条件为:高锰酸钾投加量为0.5mg·l~(-1),预氧化时间为15min,PAc投加量为2.5mg·l~(-1),粒径为160目的高岭土投加量为50mg·l~(-1).在此条件下,高锰酸钾可氧化颤藻失活但并没有破坏藻细胞壁,防止了藻毒素的释放.预氧化产生的水合二氧化锰作为凝结核促进了絮体的形成,并使之更加密实、易沉降,且沉降后藻絮体不再上浮,提高了处理后的水质.     

磁黄铁矿和石灰石改性硫磺发泡材料的脱氮除磷性能研究

基于硫磺自养反硝化(SAD)脱氮效率高、除磷效率低及磁黄铁矿自养反硝化(PAD)除磷效率高、脱氮效率低的特点,利用微细粒磁黄铁矿和石灰石与硫磺熔混、发泡得到磁黄铁矿与石灰石改性硫磺发泡材料(PLMSFM).通过批次试验探究磁黄铁矿和发泡剂配比对PLMSFM脱氮除磷的影响,优化得出硫磺∶石灰石∶磁黄铁矿∶碳酸氢钠的质量比...     

Recovery of solid fuel from municipal solid waste by hydrothermal treatment using subcritical water

Hydrothermal treatments using subcritical water (HTSW) such as that at 234 °C and 3 MPa (LT condition) and 295 °C and 8 MPa (HT condition) were investigated to recover solid fuel from municipal solid waste (MSW). Printing paper, dog food (DF), wooden chopsticks, and mixed plastic film and sheets of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were prepared as model MSW components, in which polyvinylchloride (PVC) powder and sodium chloride were used to simulate Cl sources.While more than 75% of carbon in paper, DF, and wood was recovered as char under both LT and HT conditions, plastics did not degrade under either LT or HT conditions. The heating value (HV) of obtained char was 13,886-27,544 kJ/kg and was comparable to that of brown coal and lignite. Higher formation of fixed carbon and greater oxygen dissociation during HTSW were thought to improve the HV of char.Cl atoms added as PVC powder and sodium chloride to raw material remained in char after HTSW. However, most Cl originating from PVC was found to converse into soluble Cl compounds during HTSW under the HT condition and could be removed by washing.From these results, the merit of HTSW as a method of recovering solid fuel from MSW is considered to produce char with minimal carbon loss without a drying process prior to HTSW. In addition, Cl originating from PVC decomposes into soluble Cl compound under the HT condition. The combination of HTSW under the HT condition and char washing might improve the quality of char as alternative fuel.     

DS-Ⅰ催化剂脱硫脱氮技术的实验研究

以纯ＳＯ２及燃煤电厂烟气作实验气,利用积分法固定床ＣＦＢ方式进行了ＤＳ－Ⅰ型催化剂与活性炭催化性能的对比试验,对不同还进行了不同烟气温度、ＳＯ２浓度、湿度、烟气流速等工艺参数对ＤＳ-Ⅰ型催化剂催化性能的影响试验。对不同催化剂进行优化组合,可在除尘器后直接脱硫、脱氮,其脱硫率达８６％、脱氮率达６８％。催化剂经再生,可反复使用。     

Overestimate of remediation efficiency due to residual sodium persulfate in PAHs contaminated soil and a solution

Oxidation remediation is a commonly used technology for PAHs contaminated soil presently,but the overestimate of efficiency due to ongoing remediation by residual oxidants during extraction and testing has not been paid enough attention.In this study,persulfate was activated by Fe（Ⅱ） to inve stigate the effects of residual oxidants on PAHs removal during detection process and the elimination effects of adding Na₂ SO₃ and extending sampling time on residual oxidants.Results ...     

制革废水试验研究

采用预处理-混凝沉淀-微滤组合工艺对制革废水进行试验研究.结果表明,制革废水经预处理后用硫酸亚铁酸洗废液作混凝剂是行之有效的,经此工艺处理后,COD、BOD5、SS和色度去除率分别为80.4%、87.2%、88.6%和91.7%,处理后废水水质达到排放标准且可回用于生产.在较低温度下,用硫酸亚铁作混凝剂仍能较好地完成混凝沉淀,验证了硫酸亚铁的低温混凝效果.此工艺具有很好的应用前景,尤其适合北方寒冷地区.     

武钢烧结厂401转运站除尘管道堵塞的原因分析

对武钢烧结厂401转运站除尘管道经常堵塞的原因进行了理论分析和计算,计算结果与工艺要求的有关参数进行对照,找出了现有除尘管道堵塞的原因,并提出了相关的改进措施.