一种基于快速开关的新型故障限流器研究

为探究金塘海峡各类海洋土的动剪切模量G与阻尼比λ特征,对金塘海峡四个钻孔不同埋深的各类原状海洋土进行了系列室内共振柱试验,试验结果表明:(1)各类海洋土均呈现出\"低剪切模量,高阻尼比\"的强非线性与滞后性特性;各类海洋土的最大动剪切模量G_(max)均随埋深的增加而增大,且粉质黏土、粉土、粉质黏土混粉砂、粉砂的G_(max)随埋深的增长速率依次减慢。(2)随着埋深的增加,各类海洋土的G/G_(max)―γ曲线移向右上侧,非线性特性减弱;相反,λ—γ曲线移向右下侧,土体的滞后性减弱。(3)给出了金塘海峡各类海洋土G/G_(max)―γ和λ—γ曲线随埋深变化的参数值。     

不同地震荷载对黄土动模量和阻尼比的影响

不同地震荷载对黄土的动力特性有着重要影响。本文利用微机与我们组装的DSD160型电磁式振动三轴仪组成的一个可对试样施加任意波轴向荷载的动三轴试验系统，对黄土在不同地震荷载下的动模量和阻尼比进行了对比试验研究，初步得到了不同地震荷载对一组黄土的动模量及阻尼比影响的一些结果。     

Extra-pair paternity, offspring mortality and offspring sex ratio in the socially monogamous coal tit (Parus ater)

Females of many socially monogamous bird species commonly engage in extra-pair copulations. Assuming that extra-pair males are more attractive than the females’ social partners and that attractiveness has a heritable component, sex allocation theory predicts facultative overproduction of sons among extra-pair offspring (EPO) as sons benefit more than daughters from inheriting their father’s attractiveness traits. Here, we present a large-scale, three-year study on sex ratio variation in a passerine bird, the coal tit (Parus ater). Molecular sexing in combination with paternity analysis revealed no evidence for a male-bias in EPO sex ratios compared to their within-pair maternal half-siblings. Our main conclusion, therefore, is that facultative sex allocation to EPO is absent in the coal tit, in accordance with findings in several other species. Either there is no net selection for a deviation from random sex ratio variation (e.g. because extra-pair mating may serve goals different from striving for ‘attractiveness genes’) or evolutionary constraints preclude the evolution of precise maternal sex ratio adjustment. It is interesting to note that, however, we found broods without EPO as well as broods without mortality to be relatively female-biased compared to broods with EPO and mortality, respectively. We were unable to identify any environmental or parental variable to co-vary with brood sex ratios. There was no significant repeatability of sex ratios in consecutive broods of individual females that would hint at some idiosyncratic maternal sex ratio adjustment. Further research is needed to resolve the biological significance of the correlation between brood sex ratios and extra-pair paternity and mortality incidence, respectively.     

双滤料曝气生物滤池污水深度处理的研究

采用陶粒、沸石为滤料的曝气生物滤池对生物处理系统二级出水进行深度处理回用,研究了水力停留时间、气水体积比对污染物COD和NH3-N处理效果的影响。结果表明：水力停留时间为8 h,气水体积比为3∶1的工况下,处理效果较好。稳定运行后,出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP和色度平均值分别为15.6 mg/L、3.2 mg/L、8.5 mg/L、1.24 mg/L、0.40mg/L和8度,达到《城市污水再生利用—城市杂用水水质》（GB/T 18920-2002）标准,出水可用于道路清扫、绿化等。     

建设项目的环境经济效益分析

以克拉玛依市锅炉房改造项目为例,采用环境经济学的价值计算原理,动态的经济分析方法对改造项目的经济和社会环境效应进行了核算,该项目环境保护投资与基本建设投资比例为5.6%,净现值778.3>0,费效比1.41>1,说明其环境经济效益较好。     

Investigating efficiency of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lampito mauritii</Emphasis> (Kinberg) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perionyx ceylanensis</Emphasis> Michaelsen for vermicomposting of different types of organic substrates

The vermicomposting ability of Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) and Perionyx ceylanensis Michaelsen was evaluated by using three different types of organic substrates such as leaf litter of Polyalthia longifolia, Pennisetum typhoides cobs (pearl millet) and a weed, Rottboellia exaltata (whole plant except the roots) in combination with cowdung (1:1). Vermicomposting studies (120 days) conducted to optimize the number of worms required for efficient conversion based on the reduction of C/N ratio, percentage decomposition of organic substrates, total number and biomass of earthworms recovered from the vermibed substrates clearly showed that vermibeds with 4 kg of organic materials can hold about 60–80 L. mauritii and about 90–120 P. ceylanensis for efficient decomposition. The percentage decomposition of each organic substrate treated with different numbers of L. mauritii (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 earthworms) and P. ceylanensis (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150) showed significant difference (P < 0.001) between numbers of worms introduced per vermibed but the difference between substrates was not significant within the treatments. Vermicomposting resulted in significant increase in electrical conductivity (28.54–49.82%), total nitrogen (43.96–90.83%), total phosphorus (27.42–68.10%) and total potassium (27.42–113.18%), whereas decrease in organic carbon (35.05–49.74%), C/N ratio (55.48–73.18%) and C/P ratio (50.46–66.90%) in different vermibeds introduced with L. mauritii and P. ceylanensis. Both the earthworm species can be used for vermicomposting different organic substrates; however, duration of vermicomposting with P. ceylanensis is not as much of L. mauritii. The use of L. mauritii for vermicomposting of other substrates has been well established by other workers also but standardization of P. ceylanensis, a locally available species, for vermicomposting of different organic substrates is a new finding and the species could be useful for vermiconversion of organic substrates under local conditions.