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991.
The proliferation of applied behaviour change science over the past decade has provided new ways of thinking about policy making. Policy makers now have a range of frameworks and methods to assist in formulating change for social and environmental benefits. However, the development of strategies for the identification and prioritisation of target behaviours has been less forthcoming. This paper outlines a tool to assist in behaviour selection. Behaviours are assessed for their potential impact on addressing a specific issue, the likelihood of adoption by the target audience and existing participation levels within the target audience. Each of these characteristics is scored, allowing behaviours to be mapped onto a meaningful, visual, matrix for prioritisation. Additional data on behaviour type and the key perceived barriers to participation in each behaviour are layered onto the matrix to provide direction for intervention design. An application of the prioritisation matrix is presented within an environmental context through a case study of water demand management behaviours for domestic consumers in Australia. The prioritisation matrix could provide a decision-making tool for policy makers to assist in the selection of target behaviours to address complex issues. 相似文献
992.
Irène Kränzlin 《Natural resources forum》2000,24(3):211-223
Today, Bangladesh is confronted with an immense water supply crisis: the decline of surface water bodies as well as a fall in the water table, together with the multiple pollution of the water in general, has put pressure on a precious resource that needs to meet the demand of a growing population. However, the most serious problem became public just four years ago—the contamination of the groundwater with arsenic. Considering the extent of the water supply problem, solutions for the future provision of safe drinking water are urgently needed. This article argues that ponds, a traditional water source in Bangladesh, could contribute to a solution. However, it is essential to recognise the problems and advantages of ponds in order to make suggestions on how to integrate ponds into the national water policy. Therefore, this paper analyses pond management—the use, maintenance and control of ponds—and its change from the past to the present. A holistic, dynamic and actor-oriented approach on a small scale was proved to be the appropriate instrument for this analysis. 相似文献
993.
应对挑战的中国环境政策 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
舒庆 《中国人口.资源与环境》2005,15(5):76-78
中国的发展正处在机遇和挑战并存的时代.要在发展中实现人与自然的和谐.必须要以科学的环境政策作为保障。该文探讨了环境工作面临的巨大挑战和需要研究的问题.并对应对挑战的中国环境政策进行了总结。 相似文献
994.
The transition in Dutch water management 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Over the past decades, the Dutch people have been confronted with severe water-related problems, which are the result of an unsustainable water system, arising from human interventions in the physical infrastructure of the water system and the water management style. The claims of housing, industry, infrastructure and agriculture have resulted in increasing pressure on the water system. The continuous subsidence of soil and climate change has put pressure on the land. Hence, the nature and magnitude of water-related problems have changed. Longitudinal research of relevant national policy documents reveals that the water management regime has changed its water management style over the past 30 years from a technocratic scientific style towards an integral and participatory style. We have investigated if the historical development in Dutch Water management can be characterized as a transition. Based on longitudinal research through an integrated systems analysis, document research and expert interviews, we have reconstructed the historical narrative by using the transition concepts of multi-level and multi-phase. This research indicates that the shift in Dutch Water management can be characterized as a transition. This transition is currently in the take-off stage and near the acceleration stage. This is a crucial stage as long as the considerable gap between the strategic macro-vision and the practical implementation at the micro-level remains. As long as these levels are not compatible (modulation), the transition will not be completed successfully. Transition management as multi-level governance model should therefore be adopted to facilitate the modulation. 相似文献
995.
996.
目前企业化经营已被越来越多地运用于农业开发的生产管理中。本文阐述了农业开发中企业化经营形式及其重要性,分析了当前企业化经营优势尚未充分发挥的原因,提出了加强农业开发企业化管理的对策。 相似文献
997.
Laura A. German Berhane Kidane Riziki Shemdoe 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(4):535-552
Natural resource degradation in highland regions is of increasing concern to the global community due to its role in aggravating poverty and the loss of environmental services to local and downstream users. The integration of trees into smallholder farming systems has been promoted as a means to enhance rural livelihoods while reversing the degradation of soil, water, biodiversity and related environmental services. Yet in addition to these benefits, negative impacts of trees on certain stakeholders or system components have also accompanied such efforts—suggesting that important trade-offs accompany afforestation. This paper presents a methodology for diagnosing problems stemming from cultivation of certain tree species in specific landscape niches. Data derived from the application of this methodology in two sites in the eastern African highlands are presented. Participatory diagnoses of landscape-level problems suggest that the negative impact of trees on water resource availability and crop yield are of critical concern to smallholder farmers. Ethnoecological data highlight the properties of different tree species that determine their suitability to specific farm and landscape niches. These data point to important opportunities for more socially- and environmentally-optimal integration of indigenous and exotic tree species into agricultural landscapes, and highlight the critical importance of local knowledge in forging solutions appropriate to contemporary realities. 相似文献
998.
在企业环境管理运用控制论实施污染防治全过程控制,来提高清洁生产水平,降低物耗,能耗,提高资源利用率,完善保护环境的自我约束机制,落实环境综合整治定量考核,以达到发展生产,提高经济效益和改善环境的目的。 相似文献
999.
LIANA N. JOSEPH† SCOTT A. FIELD‡ CHRIS WILCOX§ HUGH P. POSSINGHAM 《Conservation biology》2006,20(6):1679-1687
Abstract: Effective detection of population trend is crucial for managing threatened species. Little theory exists, however, to assist managers in choosing the most cost-effective monitoring techniques for diagnosing trend. We present a framework for determining the optimal monitoring strategy by simulating a manager collecting data on a declining species, the Chestnut-rumped Hylacola ( Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri ), to determine whether the species should be listed under the IUCN (World Conservation Union) Red List. We compared the efficiencies of two strategies for detecting trend, abundance, and presence–absence surveys, under financial constraints. One might expect the abundance surveys to be superior under all circumstances because more information is collected at each site. Nevertheless, the presence–absence data can be collected at more sites because the surveyor is not obliged to spend a fixed amount of time at each site. The optimal strategy for monitoring was very dependent on the budget available. Under some circumstances, presence–absence surveys outperformed abundance surveys for diagnosing the IUCN Red List categories cost-effectively. Abundance surveys were best if the species was expected to be recorded more than 16 times/year; otherwise, presence–absence surveys were best. The relationship between the strategies we investigated is likely to be relevant for many comparisons of presence–absence or abundance data. Managers of any cryptic or low-density species who hope to maximize their success of estimating trend should find an application for our results. 相似文献
1000.
Water Resource Management in Botswana: Balancing Sustainability and Economic Development* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dianne Rahm Larry Swatuk Erica Matheny 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(1):157-183
Botswana is a rapidly developing country in southern Africa. Over the last three decades, diamond mining and tourism have
provided double-digit rates of economic growth. Yet most of Botswana’s land is in the Kalahari desert where the climate is
subject to sustained periods of severe drought. In this environment, water resources are the most crucial of all environmental
resources. Water use directly affects economic development because water utilization impacts all the major national economic
sectors. A sustainable water use resource management plan must stretch several decades into the future to assure the availability
of adequate supplies of water to future generations while not compromising the ability of the current generation to reasonable
rates of economic development. Yet thinking about sustainability is present in Botswana water policy mostly only in rhetoric.
A series of cultural traditions and political constraints, coupled with bureaucratic managerial weaknesses, serve to maintain
a system of water allocation that is unsustainable in the long run and inefficient in the short-term. Unless sustainable water
use patterns are adopted, the results for the short-term, as well as the long-term, will be devastating. Drawing on data obtained
through a series of interviews with government officials, leaders of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and water resource
researchers, this paper explores water policy in Botswana within the larger context of sustainable natural resource management
practice and the pressures of economic development.
This research was partially funded under U.S. Department of State, College and University Affiliations Grant # ASCS-1095. 相似文献