越境环境污染的经济分析

本文在介绍了越境环境污染的损害非一致性和混合非一致性特征的基础上,从外部性角度分析了越境环境问题,并着重探讨了博弈论在越境环境污染分析中的应用。指出,国际合作是解决这类问题的有效途径。     

Indicating ecosystem integrity — theoretical concepts and environmental requirements

This paper discusses some conceptual fundamentals for the derivation of environmental indicator sets. On the one hand, it defines requirements from environmental politics, environmental management and legislation, reaching from political target hierarchies and sustainable management strategies to holistic protection concepts such as process protection, resource preservation, ecosystem health and ecological integrity. On the other hand, demands from ecosystem theory are described which include the consideration of features such as self-organization, emergence, thermodynamics, gradients and ecological orientors in environmental indicator sets. From that concept, collective and emergent properties are selected and eight holistic ecosystem features are presented that indicate the ecosystemic state as an ensemble. These general indicators of ecosystem integrity are supplemented by variables on structural changes and substance dynamics.     

Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world’s largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China’s export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.     

Evaluation of oasis ecosystem risk by reliability theory in an arid area： A case study in the Shiyang River Basin, China

Ecosystem risk is a new concept in understanding environmental problems. It is important to study and develop quantitative methods for regional ecosystem risk analysis. In this study, some new indicators and methods for measuring oasis ecosystem risk were established using reliability theory. These indicators are linked to water resource, which is the key restricting factor in arid area oasis ecosystems. They have clear meanings and can also be compared in different arid area oases. A case study in the Liangzhou oasis of the Shiyang River Basin in China shows how to calculate these ecosystem risk indicators. The results of the case study are as follows： the reliability indicator, risk indicator, stability indicator, and integrated loss indicator of the Liangzhou oasis are 0.686, 0.314, 0.743, and 0.301, respectively. This means that the reliability degree of the oasis＇s ecosystem safety is 68.6%; the degree of risk that it is unsafe is 31.4%; the stability degree is 74.3%; and 30.1% of the oasis＇s area is supported by over-exploiting underground water and damaging the lower reaches of the ecosystem. This result can be used as a guide in controlling and managing ecosystem risk in the research area.     

四川省河流生态环境需水量统计分析评估

本文介绍了标准流量法计算河流生态环境需水量的状况,针对四川省情况结合四川省水文资料,用当前广泛应用的各种标准流量法,对四川省河流生态环境需水量进行统计计算分析。其成果可以为有关部门和设计研究人员提供背景资料或决策依据。     

城区内涝条件下城市公交-地铁双层交通网络的脆弱性分析

为提高城市公共交通应对内涝的能力,利用复杂网络理论的Space-L方法构建了武汉市中心城区的地铁、公交无向加权网络,并在此基础上运用ArcGIS软件构建了不同耦合半径的公交-地铁双层交通网络,确定了连边的权重和节点的重要度,计算了静态下地铁网络、公交网络和不同耦合半径的公交-地铁双层交通网络的介数、平均路径长度和聚类系...     

智慧工地本质安全度评价方法研究

为对智慧工地全生命周期的本质安全度进行分析与评价,综合运用本质安全理论,构建智慧工地本质安全度评价模型。首先,根据智慧工地本质安全定义,将智慧工地本质安全度划分为初始级、简单级、标准级、成熟级和卓越级5个等级;其次,基于智慧工地的生产现状,构建包括人员管理系统、机械设备管理系统、现场监测预警系统、过程控制管理系统等4个一级指标和16个二级指标的本质安全度评价指标体系;最后,利用C-OWA算子对指标的权重进行计算,采用未确知测度评价法对系统进行综合评价。结果表明:将模型应用到西安地铁某在建项目中,得到该智慧工地项目现阶段推进状态本质安全度等级为标准级,明确该项目下一阶段提升改进的方向,为智慧工地本质安全管理的持续改进提供理论支持。     

基于高阶递归神经网络的AUV鲁棒控制方法

目的 提出一种基于高阶递归神经网络的AUV鲁棒控制方法。方法 利用结构简单但逼近效果优越的高阶递归神经网络,对建模不确定性和外部未知干扰进行估计,并将其补偿到输入控制律中,以提高控制性能。之后,基于HJI理论和Lyapunov稳定性分析导出神经网络权重自适应更新律和AUV自适应控制律,设计反步滑模方法作为对比方法,并进行仿真实验。结果 设计的基于高阶递归神经网络的AUV鲁棒控制方法的跟踪误差、调节时间等控制指标均优于反步滑模方法。设计的鲁棒控制方法可以控制AUV精确跟踪目标轨迹,同时具有优秀的控制性能和鲁棒性。结论 这一研究为AUV轨迹跟踪控制领域提供了一种高效且有效的方法,有望在复杂、不确定的水下环境中得到应用。     

新乡市某电池厂附近污灌农田重金属污染特征与分类管理

在河南省新乡市某电池厂东南污灌农田区不同距离处挖掘土壤剖面6个,高密度采集剖面样品,并在污灌农田区和电池厂西部不同距离处采集表层混合样12个,共获得土壤样品238份,同时在污灌农田区采集粮食样品13份.用ICP-MS法测定Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn含量,AFS法测定Hg和As含量,并对土壤重金属的垂直迁移、污染状况、来源及污染农田的分类管理进行了探讨.结果表明：污灌农田耕层Cd平均含量均高于其风险管制值（GB 15618-2018）,其他重金属几乎全部低于筛选值.Cd是最主要的致污因子,其他重金属对土壤污染的贡献可以忽略.耕层Cd、Ni和As含量随着距电池厂距离的增加呈递减趋势.大多数剖面中Cd、Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn和As含量呈现不同程度的表聚性,Pb含量自上而下逐渐递减,Hg含量上下基本一致.污灌农田Cd、Ni和As主要来自污灌,同时受电池厂的干湿沉降影响,是工业源重金属;Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb属于农业源重金属;Hg是自然和人为混合源重金属.根据土壤环境质量类别及农产品质量综合确定距离电池厂大约3.5 km以内的污灌农田属于严格管控类农用地,应尽快禁止食用农产品的种植,代之以苗圃、林地.     

基于博弈论组合赋权灰靶模型的煤矿安全综合评价

为了合理准确地评价煤矿安全现状,建立了基于博弈论组合赋权耦合灰靶决策的煤矿安全评价模型。运用层次分析法、熵权法和神经网络算法单独计算出各个指标的权重,再根据最优线性组合系数确定博弈论组合赋权。以河南义马煤业5组矿井安全现状为例,运用博弈论组合赋权耦合灰靶决策计算矿井偏离靶心度,同时将该模型的评价结果与层次分析法耦合灰靶决策模型、熵权灰靶决策模型和神经网络算法耦合灰靶决策模型的评价结果进行对比分析。结果表明:博弈论组合赋权耦合灰靶决策模型的评价结果与煤矿实际安全情况基本一致,且该模型相较其他模型的评价结果更加精准简便。