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861.
《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(2):227-239
Abstract This article presents the importance and usefulness of Second Law (exergy) analysis for evaluating and comparing solar cookers in meaningful ways. The thermodynamic considerations required for the development of rational and meaningful methodologies for the evaluation and comparison of the efficiency of the solar cookers were defined. Energy and exergy equations were also developed to obtain energy and exergy efficiencies of the solar cookers. The evaluation of the solar cookers requires a measure of efficiency, which is rational, meaningful, and practical. Exergy analysis provides an alternative means of evaluating and comparing the solar cookers. Since exergy is a measure of the quality or usefulness of energy, exergy efficiency measures are more significant than energy efficiency measures, exergy analysis should be considered in the evaluation of the solar cookers. 相似文献
862.
Paul Hallwood 《Resources Policy》1985,11(3):191-200
This paper uses a model of the optimum buffer stock as a ‘filter rule’ together with a financial model that can be used to assess the efficiency of international commodity markets. The approach is simpler to apply than many other methods which have hitherto been used and yields an economy in theoretical and computational effort. The arguments are applied as a case study to the international copper market. The main conclusion is that private storage is not under-provided for and that a public buffer stock agency would be unlikely to be self-financing. 相似文献
863.
Sujoy B. Roy Paolo F. Ricci Karen V. Summers Chih-Fang Chung Robert A. Goldstein 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(5):1091-1108
To evaluate the long term sustainability of water withdrawals in the United States, a county level analysis of the availability of renewable water resources was conducted, and the magnitudes of human withdrawals from surface water and ground water sources and the stored water requirements during the warmest months of the year were evaluated. Estimates of growth in population and electricity generation were then used to estimate the change in withdrawals assuming that the rates of water use either remain at their current levels (the business as usual scenario) or that they exhibit improvements in efficiency at the same rate as observed over 1975 to 1995 (the improved efficiency scenario). The estimates show several areas, notably the Southwest and major metropolitan areas throughout the United States, as being likely to have significant new storage requirements with the business‐as‐usual scenario, under the condition of average water availability. These new requirements could be substantially eliminated under the improved efficiency scenario, thus indicating the importance of water use efficiency in meeting future requirements. The national assessment identified regions of potential water sustainability concern; these regions can be the subject of more targeted data collection and analyses in the future. 相似文献
864.
我国能源节约战略研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
节约能源,保护环境,是全面建设小康社会、实现可持续发展的必不可少的前提条件。中国万美元GDP能耗水平是发达国家的3至11倍。节能潜力很大。其中工业部门是我国的能源消费大户。其能源消费占全国能源消费总量的比重一直保持在70%左右,其节能潜力也居第一位。2020年中国实现全面建设小康社会的目标.人均GDP是3000美元,按届时人口15亿计算,全国GDP为49500亿美元,所需要的能源总量是33亿t标准煤,万美元GDP的能耗是6.67吨标煤;人均能耗是2.13吨标煤。只要政策选择适当。我国完全可以以当初发达国家一半的能源供应实现其相应的人均经济发展目标。为此,我们需要继续建立和完善适应市场经济要求的推动能源节约与资源综合利用的新机制;加快制定与《节约能源法》配套法规,引导和规范用能行为;加快建立以企业为主体的技术创新体系。 相似文献
865.
Michael Allingham 《Resources Policy》1985,11(1):43-48
This article examines the role of futures markets in schieving economic efficiency. The question is introduced in a timeless, certain framework, and extended to the case where time, but not uncertainty, becomes important: it is shown that in such a framework futures markets ensure economic efficiency. Uncertainty is then introduced, and it is shown that contingent markets ensure full efficiency, but that these are cumbersome; it is also shown that futures markets, as an alternative, ensure approximate efficiency. An appendix explores more formally the relation between markets and efficiency. 相似文献
866.
从经济效益和生态效益来探索城市土地利用的合理模式 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从土地资源的经济和生态特性入手,结合我国土地利用的现状。分析了土地利用的经济效益和生态效益,探讨了既符合市场经济规律、又符合城市可持续发展的土地利用模式。 相似文献
867.
868.
In the first, the paper gave a retrospective analysis on the comprehensive assessment of circular economic development. According to the requirement of improving resource & environment efficiency, the paper designed an analytical framework for a comprehensive assessment of regional circular economic growth, which consists of the goal, object and technical line of the comprehensive assessment of regional circular economic development. Given that, the paper discussed the criterion for choosing the assessment index, the approaches of index's weighing determination, the means of data standardization, and the reference system of assessment index value and so on. According to the framework of regional circular economic development evaluation,the paper made a comprehensive evaluation of Jiangsu Province's circular economic development. The result shows that from temporal change, Jiangsu Province's circular economic development had different stages;from the spatial comparison, there is variance among different regions, which could be divided into different types according to the spatial variance and the relation between the development of circular economy and the aggregative index number. There was a remarkable correlation between circular economic development level and GDP or the 2nd industry GDP. Finally, the paper gives some suggestions on how to promote the development of circular economy in Jiangsu Province. 相似文献
869.
870.