并行时域有限差分法的瞬态声场及其效率分析

建立了适用于二维水下目标声散射声场计算的并行FDTD计算模型,通过计算结果对入射波激励目标的作用过程进行了时域分析,从各个时刻的瞬态声场分布图可以明显看出衍射、透射和散射现象,并且能够直观地给出声场分布形态以及声波传播的物理过程。通过算例测试了其在不同数目节点机参与下的计算耗时、内存耗用、并行加速度和并行效率。分析了计算耗时、内存耗用、并行加速度、并行效率随节点数变化的关系曲线,同时还着重分析了并行效率下降的原因。     

基于因子分析的区域经济生态效率研究——以2007年省际间面板数据为例

经济、资源和环境协调发展是当前研究的重要课题,论文引入经济生态效率理论,运用因子分析法对2007年中国经济、资源与环境的省际面板数据进行变量计算比较,得出中国区域经济生态效率差异的节能减排、基础经济、水资源利用三个特征因子得分及综合得分,并按东、中、西部三大经济带比较分析,旨在为社会协调可持续发展提供指导和借鉴。     

都市型经济开发区生态化建设路径研究

总结了都市型经济开发区的类型和特点,重点分析了都市化经济开发区的生态环境质量制约性因素,提出了从产业生态化建设、土地利用生态化建设、信息现代化建设以及区域环境健康保障体系四个角度分析了生态化建设的路径体系和具体的措施。     

中国营养物质排放控制标准特点分析及发展

水体的富营养化及由此引起的水污染治理是一个世界性难题。污染物排放控制标准对控制污染与保护环境具有重要贡献。氮磷是富营养化的重要指标。随着水体富营养化程度的加重,中国氮磷排放控制标准愈趋严格和完善。为有效改善水体环境和水质,进一步完善营养物质控制标准,有必要制定纳管企业氮磷预处理环保标准,并深入研究以确定基于生态分区的营养物基准,研究制定科学、合理的富营养化评价方法及分级标准等。     

庐山风景名胜旅游地生活废弃物生态足迹分析

随着旅游业的迅猛发展,庐山风景名胜区面临着人口激增和环境破坏的双重压力,如何测量旅游发展的现状以及如何建立可持续发展的旅游系统,是庐山风景名胜区亟待解决的问题。文章结合相关领域学者的研究成果,计算了2003年庐山风景名胜区生活废弃物的生态足迹,结果表明:(1)生活废弃物人均生态足迹为0.0117751hm2,其中CO2排放的生态足迹占总量的98.20%,而污水、粪便、固体垃圾和废弃物处理设施的生态足迹很小,仅占1.80%;(2)CO2排放量为68684.99t,其中旅游交通的贡献率为55.61%,旅游住宿的贡献率为36.26%,游客和居民的贡献率为8.13%;(3)居民废弃物排放量大于游客排放量,CO2和粪便排放量是游客的2.4倍,垃圾产生量是游客的1.32倍,污水排放量是游客的1.18倍;(4)生活废弃物对风景区、九江市以及九江市以外区域的生态影响分别为45.40%、2.78%和51.82%;(5)风景区生态效用为0.5451kgCO2/元,高于全国平均水平和维持可持续发展的理想水平;(6)九寨沟、黄山和庐山生活废弃物生态足迹数据表明,旅游交通对旅游地生态环境的影响最深远,因此改变交通方式或使用环保旅游观光车是减少旅游地生活废弃物生态足迹的重要途径。     

A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4+-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory....     

Effect of nutrient level on phytoplankton community structure in di erent water bodies

Increasing levels of pollution within water bodies can cause eutrophication and an associated rapid growth in and reproduction of phytoplankton. Although most frequently occurring in bodies of water such as lakes and dams, in recent years an increasing number of river systems in China have suffered serious algal blooms. The community structure of phytoplankton may differ, however, dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and nutrient levels within the water body. The field investigation results obtained fro...     

Effect of nutrient level on phytoplankton community structure in different water bodies

Increasing levels of pollution within water bodies can cause eutrophication and an associated rapid growth in and reproduction of phytoplankton. Although most frequently occurring in bodies of water such as lakes and dams, in recent years an increasing number of river systems in China have suffered serious algal blooms. The community structure of phytoplankton may differ, however, dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions and nutrient levels within the water body. The field investigation results obtained from a stagnant river in Suzhou City and Taihu Lake, China, showed that in water with higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, Chlorophyta became the predominant species and in water with lower concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, Cyanobacteria became the predominant species. Growth experiments with competitive species, Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.), were conducted at three different nutrient levels. The biomass of algae in pure and mixed cultures was measured under conditions of different N/P ratios at oligotrophic, eutrophic and hypertrophic nutrient levels. The results indicated that the most suitable state for the growth and reproduction of M. aeruginosa and S. quadricauda were eutrophic conditions in both pure and mixed cultures. Under competition, however, the lower medium nutrient levels favoured M. aeruginosa, while the higher medium nutrient levels better suited S. quadricauda. Under similar hydrodynamic conditions, the community structure of phytoplankton in the water body was determined by the dominant species in competition for nutrients.     

气箱式脉冲喷吹袋式除尘器清灰系统主要技术参数的确定

为了揭示气箱式脉冲袋式除尘器的清灰机理,应用压缩气体流动能量方程,推导出滤袋表面的反向清灰风速教学表达式;根据袋式除尘器实验模型测定的数据,得出了剥离力与粉尘剥离率之问的关系式,并在此基础上提出了清灰系统设计方法;应用气体射流理论得到了脉冲喷吹质量流量、喷吹口直径、空压机供气压力和供气量的计算公式.结果表明,在粉尘负荷一定的条件下,给定预期的剥离率,可以得到所必需的反向清灰风速和喷吹气体流量,据此可以确定清灰系统的主要技术参数.     

处理生活污水湿地植物的筛选与净化潜力评价

为了建立一套科学的湿地植物筛选与净化潜力评价体系,以17种湿地植物为材料,在综合应用原有各种湿地植物筛选与评价指标的基础上,增加植物逆境酶和基质酶,对所有指标进行聚类分析.结果表明,17种植物的根系数量、长度、活力、叶片过氧化物酶活性、生长量、氮磷平均浓度、氮磷的积累能力存在一定的差异,根系附近基质脲酶活性与磷酸酶活性也存在一定的差异.根据净化潜力的综合评价体系,可以把17种植物聚类为3大类,第1大类净化潜力较强,包括美人蕉、芦苇、风车草、水葱、再力花、千屈菜、花叶美人蕉;第2大类净化潜力中等,包括菖蒲、花叶芦竹、香蒲、梭鱼草;第3大类净化潜力较弱,包括野芋、鸢尾、灯心草、葱兰、泽泻、花菖蒲.