春季角毛藻对N/P值响应的FRD判别

首次运用FRD判别法,探讨了角毛藻(Chaetocerossp.)生长对N/P值的响应过程。通过大亚湾春季现场观测的角毛藻细胞数量与DIN/PO4比值关系分析,构建关系曲线的完全样本进行泛函回归分割(FRD)判别。FRD判别表明,角毛藻是以3种不同的生长状况响应N/P值变化,即在N/P<15.79(±1.41)时,角毛藻数量随N/P值增大处于缓慢生长状况;在N/P=15.79(±1.41)～59.90(±4.28)之间时,角毛藻数量则随N/P值增大而迅速增长;而当N/P>59.90(±4 28)时,角毛藻数量达到最大生长值,并处于上下涨落状态。     

Enhanced coagulation of ferric chloride aided by tannic acid for phosphorus removal from wastewater

Phosphorus removal from wastewater is of great importance. In the present study, ferric chloride was selected as the coagulant, and tannic acid (TA), a natural polymer, as the coagulant aid to develop an effective coagulation process with the emphasis of phosphorus recovery from different types of wastewater. The results showed that TA can accelerate the settling speed by forming flocs with large size, reduce the residual Fe(III) to eliminate the yellow color caused by Fe(III), and slightly increase the phosphorus removal efficiency. The precipitate formed by TA-aided coagulation showed the advantage of releasing phosphorus faster than ferric phosphate, indicating the possibility of phosphorus recovery from wastewater as slow release fertilizer. To further understand the structural characteristics of the precipitate, analytical techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry were employed. The analytical results indicated that TA–Fe–P complex was formed during the coagulation/flocculation processes. Solid phase in the precipitate consisted of TA–Fe–P complex, Fe–TA complex and/or ferric hydroxyphosphate.     

Prediction of phosphorus mobilisation in inundated floodplain soils

After flooding, iron reduction in riverine wetlands may cause the release of large quantities of phosphorus. As phosphorus is an important nutrient causing eutrophication in aquatic systems, it is important to have a tool to predict this potential release. In this study we examined the P release to the soil pore water in soil cores from floodplains in the Netherlands and from less anthropogenically influenced floodplains from Poland. During the inundation experiment, concentrations of P in the pore water rose to 2-90 times the initial concentrations. P release was not directly related to the geographic origin of the soils. An important predictor variable of P release was found in the ratio between the concentration of iron-bound P and amorphous iron. This ratio may provide a practical tool for the selection of new areas for wetland creation, and for impact assessment of plans for riverine wetland restoration and floodwater storage.     

几种物质磷形态的生物有效性模拟研究

研究了无磷ＨＢ－４培养液中添加７种物质磷形态磷酸二氢钾,焦磷酸钠,六偏磷酸钠,磷酸肌酸钠,三磷腺酸苷（ＡＴＰ）,β－甘油磷酸钠和５‘－腺嘌呤核苷磷酸（ＡＭＰ）４个浓度系列时羊角月芽藻的生长情况,获得了各物质磷形态下藻的最大生长量与生长速率。结果表明：ＡＴＰ与六偏磷酸钠具有独特的生物效应,同时获得羊角月芽藻的生长与７种磷形态的相关方程,进行了太湖湖水中各物质磷形态的添加试验,发现ＡＴＰ及焦磷酸钠对藻     

加工工业城市——常州市城市生态安全评价

针对常州市生态环境现状,利用"压力-状态-响应(P-S-R)"理论,构建基于城市资源环境压力、资源环境状态和人文环境响应3个类别的城市生态安全评价模型,以常州市2000—2007年发展过程中的人口,经济、环境等相关指标建立的城市生态安全评价体系进行评价,结果表明:常州市的城市生态安全总体水平在中等偏下,多数城市生态指标处于较低水平,影响常州城市生态安全整体水平的提高。利用P-S-R模型对于常州市城市生态建设和城市发展规划具有一定的参考价值。     

武汉东湖沉积物氮磷形态垂向分布研究

以武汉东湖为研究对象,分析并比较了3个采样点柱状沉积物中各种形态氮、磷的垂向分布,并结合pH进行了研究.结果表明:东湖沉积物pH小于上覆水中pH并随沉积物深度增加呈下降趋势.总氮与总磷均为处于湖湾区的1号点最高,2号点湖心最低,3号点居中.氨氮和硝酸盐氮也表现为1号点远远大于2号点和3号点.随着近年治污力度的加大,1号点的氮磷水平呈下降趋势,但是3号点受面源污染影响,氮、磷水平上升很快,甚至在表层已经和1号点持平.磷虽然仍然是东湖最主要的限制性营养元素,但受硝化与反硝化作用及聚磷菌的影响,近20a来,东湖沉积物总氮含量下降很大,氮磷比仅为3左右.     

哑铃湾网箱养殖海域磷的分布及其影响因素

2002年4月~2003年1月,对哑铃湾网箱养殖区及附近海域进行了大量营养盐和环境因子的周年调查。以P为主要研究对象,介绍1a四季各形态P的相互转化关系;利用一元和多元线性回归,对P与环境因子的相关模式进行了研究。结果表明:网箱养殖加速了养殖水体P的富集,改变了各形态P之间的转换关系及与各环境因子的相互作用。     

ESTABLISHING POLLUTANT LOAD REDUCTION TARGETS FOR THE INIIAN RWER LAGOON,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT. Establishment of seagrass‐based pollutant load reduction targets is a major aim of water quality management in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuary. It is believed that light and water clarity are the limiting factors affecting seagrass abundance and distribution in the Lagoon. Thus, targeted reductions of nutrients, dissolved organic matter and for suspended sediments should achieve desired seagrass coverage goals. On an annual average, the Lagoon is receiving external loadings of 5,346, 771, and 54,408 metric tons per year of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively. Most of the loadings are stormwater generated; thus, implementation of reduction targets will key in on major urban and agricultural stormwater systems. The process of developing targets requires the establishment of light requirements for seagrass. Two methods are being employed to develop such targets. One method is the application of a predictive, 3‐D model that accounts for the essential interactive processes of the Lagoon: hydrology, hydrodynamics, water quality, nutrient uptake/release, seagrass growth rates, and light attenuation. The other method is based simply on the comparison of loading rates between a developed sub‐basin with associated seagrass impacts and an undeveloped sub‐basin with adjacent healthy seagrass coverages. The latter method will provide the initial and preliminary targets that can be tested, confirmed, or modified by application of the 3‐D model.     

二龙山水库水质富营养化趋势及削减规划研究

选用C_N,C_P(水库中氮、磷的平均质量浓度)2项指标作为契入点,以狄龙模型为基础,结合二龙山水库水质污染的具体特点,设计了一套适合于预测二龙山水库水质富养化的C_N,C_P模型,运用其预测了水库水质营养状态变化趋势并对水质富营养化进行了预评价.结果表明:2001-2050年二龙山水库水质总氮和总磷的质量浓度同步增长,但总磷的增长幅度远远大于总氮,水库水质富营养化逐渐加剧.最后,根据系统诊断模型计算了水库氮、磷营养盐的环境容量,并结合该地的实际情况提出了氮、磷污染物的削减规划方案.      

New cytochrome P450 1B1, 1C1, 2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K genes from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): Molecular characterization,basal expression and response of rare minnow CYP1s and CYP2s mRNA exposed to the AHR agonist benzo[a]pyrene

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes play an important role in catalyzing oxidative metabolism of toxicants. Recently, CYP1 subfamily were discovered and reported in fish, however, little is known regarding the CYP2 isoforms in fish. In the present study, the cDNA fragments of CYP 1B1 and 1C1 and CYP2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K of rare minnow were cloned and exhibited a high amino acid sequence identity compared with their zebrafish orthologs. Basal expression showed CYP1C1 and CYP 2Aa expression were observed in all eight tissues analyzed (liver, gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, brain, skin, and muscle). CYP 1A, and 1B1 expression was found in all tissues except for muscle and skin. However, CYP 2Y3 was expressed in liver, spleen, intestine and muscle whereas CYP 2 K in liver, kidney and intestine. 4 and 100 μg L⁻¹ Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induced patterns showed that CYP 1A, 1B1 and 1C1 expression in liver, gill, and intestine was strongly up-regulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CYP 2Y3 was strongly induced in liver from BaP treatments (p < 0.05). The high induction on mRNA level of CYP1s and CYP 2Y3 by BaP could be associated with catalyzing detoxification and indicated that CYP2s may also be potential biomarker to screen AHR agonist. The high responsiveness of CYP1 and 2 genes suggested Chinese rare minnow is feasible to screen and assess pollution with AHR agonist.