关于建立藻类自动检测、分类与存储系统的方法的研究

基于计算机视觉和模式识别理论,研究自动和便捷的的藻类检测分类系统,实现提高检测的准确性和工作效率,实现水生生物的自动检测、分类与存储。     

基于未确知测度理论的煤层底板突水危险性评价

运用未确知测度理论,建立煤矿奥灰岩岩溶水类底板突水评价模型。选取煤层底板的地质构造(断裂构造密度、褶皱、断层导水性、岩体的裂隙发育情况)、水文地质条件(水压、含水性、岩溶含水层发育情况、强水源补给情况)、底板隔水层条件(隔水层厚度、岩石力学强度以及隔水岩层的完整性)、开采条件(采厚和采深)4个一级指标、13项二级指标作为未确知测度模型的判别指标;根据指标值的类型采用定量或定性的方法对其进行分级和赋值,建立评判集,进而构建单指标测度函数。将13个突水评价指标值代入单指标测度函数计算得到单指标测度评价矩阵。利用信息熵理论获得各判别指标的权重,依照置信度识别准则进行等级判定,最后得出煤层底板突水危险性评价结果。利用该方法对肥城矿区14个地质块段的煤层底板突水危险性进行评价,结果表明,该评价结果与矿山实际情况相符。     

Opportunistic discrimination of alien eggs by social wasps (Polistes biglumis, Hymenoptera Vespidae): a defense against social parasitism?

Foundresses of the social wasp Polistes biglumis were tested to see whether they were able to recognize alien eggs experimentally introduced into their own nests. Foundresses removed alien conspecific reproductive-destined eggs while they accepted worker-destined eggs. The results indicate that social wasps discriminate among eggs and that they discriminate against alien eggs destined to produce unrelated reproductives. P. biglumis is a strictly solitary founding species, with no reproductive competition within colonies; thus, brood discrimination abilities could have evolved as a counteradaptation against intra- and inter-specific brood parasitism. Received: 12 May 2000 / Revised: 15 July 2000 / Accepted 20 July 2000     

Worker policing and nest mate recognition in the ant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Formica fusca</Emphasis>

A conflict over male production arises in social insects where workers are able to lay unfertilized male eggs. This happens because each female (queen or worker) is most closely related to her own sons and is thus predicted to reproduce. The conflict is modulated by worker policing where workers prevent each other from reproducing by aggression or egg cannibalism. In this study, we show that in the ant Formica fusca, worker policing occurs by egg cannibalism rather than by overt aggression among workers. Furthermore, we show that, contrary to bees, wasps and other ant species, egg discrimination in F. fusca is not based only on a universal queen signature chemical and that nest mate recognition of eggs occurs.     

基于差异进化算法的爆破震速参数识别与优化

爆破震动衰减特性研究通常采用经典的萨道夫斯基公式实现。如何根据不同爆破条件合理选择公式中的场地系数K和衰减指数α是确定爆破控制参数的关键。实际工程分析中,通常采用可监测参数反演识别方法获取K和α值。以大连地铁2号线201标段接收井横通道爆破作业为背景,基于差异进化(DE)算法中缩放因子F和交叉概率Cr贡献值的合理选择,研究萨道夫斯基公式K和α的反演问题。首先,通过对算法中F和Cr不同取值对萨道夫斯基公式计算结果的影响分析,得到各向震速条件下收敛最小的F和Cr值;然后,根据F和Cr取值反演K和α参数。工程实践表明,基于DE算法反演识别得到的K和α值代入萨道夫斯基公式,计算得到的垂向、纬向、经向速度及合速度与实测速度变化趋势一致,并处在合理误差范围之内。     

矿井煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测的模式识别研究

在查明多个突出影响因素与突出危险性之间内在联系的基础上,应用地质动力区划方法确定区域地质构造模型,并结合地应力测量方法和数值模拟,综合应用VB、VC完成模式识别系统设计和应用软件开发,在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下建立多因素模式识别模型.用多因素模式识别预测方法进行煤与瓦斯突出危险性的区域预测,划分淮南矿务局谢一矿井田的煤与瓦斯突出危险区、突出威胁区和无突出危险区,对煤与瓦斯突出危险性做出评估.     

基于故障树分析的建设工程风险识别系统

目前工程风险识别的效率较低，也缺少有效的风险识别方法。通过分析工程特性、风险特点和现有的风险识别方法，提出了在工程风险识别中大规模地引入故障树技术，以实现风险知识共享，提高风险识别和度量的效率。初步构建了以分部分项工程为识别单位，以故障树为主要分析模型，依托信息技术的工程风险识别和度量系统。     

煤矿井下自燃火灾的图像识别及综合判据系统

煤矿自燃火灾的早期探测及预报是保证煤炭生产安全的有效手段。目前已有的各种预测预报技术,虽对煤炭自燃火灾的防治起到一定的作用,但对于不同煤质和不同地质赋存情况下的煤矿,单一探测方法的预测精度有限,在探测的准确性和有效性方面尚不能完全满足各种类型煤矿安全生产的需要。为了提高煤炭自燃灾害早期探测的可靠性,笔者提出一种以图像识别技术为基础的煤炭自燃发火探测方法,并进一步利用信息融合技术结合其他探测方法建立一套煤矿自燃发火综合判据系统,该系统有助于提高煤炭自燃预测的准确性,对煤矿的安全生产能发挥重要作用。     

火灾后混凝土结构损伤的属性识别

应用属性数学理论建立火灾后混凝土结构损伤程度评价的属性识别模型。选择影响火灾后混凝土质量的4个参数,如抗压强度损伤系数、抗渗透性损伤系数、爆裂损伤系数以及裂纹损伤系数等作为综合评判指标,通过构造属性测度函数以计算单指标属性测度和样本综合属性测度,应用置信度准则对火灾后混凝土样本的质量状况进行属性识别,从而建立了火灾后混凝土结构损伤程度综合评判的属性识别模型。在工程实例研究中,通过属性测度分析和计算,得到了火灾后混凝土样本损伤程度的评价结果,并分别与模糊综合评价和物元可拓评判法评价结果进行了比较,结果有较好的一致性。由于属性数学理论能很好地解决具有多个模糊属性问题的综合评价,且置信度准则是根据评价集具有有序性这一特点而提出的,因而可使评价结果更为可靠。     

The asymmetric scent: ringtailed lemurs (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lemur catta</Emphasis>) have distinct chemical signatures in left and right brachial glands

Distinctive cues are predicted to evolve when the benefits obtained by the recognition process overcome its costs. When individual recognition is particularly beneficial for both senders and receivers, the expression of strongly distinctive signals is predicted to evolve. On the other hand, it could be predicted that each individual should show a very stable individual signature. In the same perspective, a great stability of the individual signatures could be expected. Lemur catta is the first non-human primate in which olfactory individual recognition has been demonstrated on the basis of the specialized brachial gland secretions. In this paper, I performed gas chromatograph analyses of right and left gland samples collected in two different periods (breeding and non-breeding seasons) from seven males. The aim was to verify if a diversification in such cues, already demonstrated at the inter-individual level, also occurs at the intra-individual level between left and right glands. I verified, by discriminant analysis and chemical distance comparisons, that each gland of each lemur has its particular signature that is maintained through time. Moreover, such diversification resulted so marked to make the overall intra-individual chemical differences similar to/as strong as the inter-individual ones. Since in rodents several odors from different glands may be integrated in individual recognition, I suggest that bilateral diversification in L. catta scents may offer an enhanced distinctiveness that could provide benefits in mate choice and social relationships.