属性识别理论模型在湖泊水质富营养化评价中的应用

近年来提出的属性识别理论模型已在环境质量评价中有所应用。现将该模型引用到湖泊水质富营养化评价中来 ,并用此模型对福州市山仔水库的水质进行评价 ,其评价结果与运用模糊隶属函数法得到的结果进行比较 ,其结果令人满意。此模型为湖泊水质的富营养化评价提供一种简便实用的评价方法     

属性识别理论模型在环境质量评价中的应用

把近来提出的属性识别理论模型引用到环境质量评价中,经实例分析,与模糊数学模型及综合指数法作了比较,表明属性识别理论模型评价环境质量是合理可行的。     

Directions of Change in Land Cover and Landscape Patterns from 1957 to 2000 in Agricultural Landscapes in NW Spain

The aim of this work is the analysis of the dynamics in cultural landscapes, focused on the spatial distribution of changes in land cover and landscape patterns, and their possible linkages. These dynamics have been analyzed for the years 1957 and 2000 in a sector of the north of Galicia (NW Spain) characterized with diverse landscapes. Afforestation processes linked to agriculture abandonment and forestry specialization were the main processes observed in the study area, with the exception of the southern mountainous sector that was dominated by ploughing of scrubland for conversion into grassland, reflecting a specialization in livestock production. The structural changes that have taken place in most of the study area were related to the heterogeneity aspects, although the mountainous sectors were characterized by changes in heterogeneity and fragmentation. According to the tests performed, the comparison of the spatial distribution of both dynamics showed a certain statistical significance, reflecting the interrelationship between patterns and processes. This approach could be useful for the identification of areas with similar characteristics in terms of spatial dynamics so as to define more effective and targeted landscape planning and management strategies.     

基于安全控制论的株洲冶炼厂的综合安全评价

对生产经营单位进行安全评价可以有效地预防事故发生,减少财产损失和人员伤亡及伤害,安全评价是安全生产管理的一个重要组成部分。综合安全评价是以安全控制论为理论基础的安全评价法。笔者从现代安全控制论角度,通过系统危险辨识、系统危险控制能力诊断,运用综合安全模型对株洲冶炼厂进行了安全评价。综合安全评价结果表明,一方面,株洲冶炼厂的安全度为56.13,处于临界状态;被评价的系统危险控制指数均为-0.24,说明其安全系统总体状况呈下降趋势。近20年来株洲冶炼厂的伤亡事故伤害频率有明显起伏波动的特点,当前的安全管理形势还非常严峻,应通过对全厂的安全评价,全面提高安全管理水平;另方面,基于安全控制论的综合安全评价是一种有效的安全评价方法,可以在各个大型厂矿得以推广应用。     

声纹识别技术中特征语音参数选取的相关问题

介绍了声纹识别技术原理，着重阐述了声纹识别中比较难于实现的特征提取和分类识别。     

基于人脸信息的信息安全技术研究现状及应用前景展望

讨论了国内基于人脸谱信息的信息安全技术研究总体现状 ,包括人脸谱信息的检测、定位、特征提取及主要识别方法和算法 ,并对各种方法的优点和问题进行了评述 ,最后对基于人脸谱信息的信息安全技术的应用前景进行了分析和预测。     

Nestmate recognition in the ant Cataglyphis niger : do queens matter?

This study compares two basic models for the origin and maintenance of colony gestalt odor in the polygynous ant species Cataglyphis niger. In the first model, queens are centers of de novo biosynthesis and distribution of recognition odors (“queen-centered” model); in the second, colony odors are primarily synthesized and distributed by workers (“worker-centered” model). We tested the behavioral patterns that are predicted from each model, and verified by biochemical means the distributional directionality of these signals. Encounters between nestmates originating from split colonies were as amicable as between nestmates from non-split colonies; queenless ants were as aggressive as their queenright nestmates, and both were equally aggressed by alien ants. These results indicate that queens have little impact on the recognition system of this species, and lend credence to the worker-centered model. The queen-centered model predicts that unique queen substances should be produced in appreciable quantities and that, in this respect, queens should be more metabolically active than workers. Analysis of the chemical composition of postpharyngeal glands (PPGs) or cuticular extracts of queens and workers revealed high similarity. Quantitatively, queens possessed significantly greater amounts of hydrocarbons in the PPG than workers, but the amount on the thoracic epicuticle was the same. Queens, however, possess a lower hydrocarbon biosynthesis capability than workers. The biochemical evidence thus refutes the queen-centered model and supports a worker-centered model. To elucidate the directionality of cue distribution, we investigated exchange of hydrocarbons between the castes in dyadic or group encounters in which selective participants were prelabeled. Queens tended to receive more and give less PPG content, whereas transfer to the epicuticle was low and similar in all encounters, as predicted from the worker-centered hypothesis. In the group encounters, workers transferred, in most cases, more hydrocarbons to the queen than to a worker. This slight preference for the queen is presumably amplified in a whole colony and can explain their copious PPG content. We hypothesize that preferential transfer to the queen may reflect selection to maintain her individual odor as close to the average colony odor as possible. Received: 4 November 1997 / Accepted after revision: 5 February 1998     

Chemosensory mate recognition may facilitate prolonged mate guarding by male snow skinks, Niveoscincus microlepidotus

We provide evidence that male lizards can use chemosensory cues to identify individual females and probably therefore maintain long-term associations with these females in the wild. In the laboratory, males preferentially followed the scent trail of their vitellogenic female “partner” rather than that of another vitellogenic female. Our 5-year field study of the small viviparous scincid lizard (Niveoscincus microlepidotus) in alpine Tasmania showed that sexually mature males and females commonly formed “pairs” for long periods (on average 29 days). These pairs occurred primarily during the mating season, always involved one adult male and one adult female, and usually involved vitellogenic rather than gravid females. Our laboratory experiments suggest that a significant factor in maintaining those prolonged partnerships is male scent trailing of partners. Received: 28 October 1997 / Accepted after revision: 28 May 1998     

All at sea: aquatic life modifies mate-recognition modalities in sea snakes (Emydocephalus annulatus, Hydrophiidae)

Alternative sensory modalities (e.g. vision, chemoreception) differ in the spatial scale, permanence and reliability of cues they provide to mate-searching males. Males of terrestrial snake species use chemoreception to locate females over large distances, but phylogenetic shifts to aquatic life render such cues unavailable. Do male sea snakes use alternative modalities for identifying potential sexual partners and if so, are the novel systems as effective for mate-finding as the ancestral ones? Observations and experiments show that free-ranging male turtle-headed sea snakes (Emydocephalus annulatus) in shallow-water reef habitats in New Caledonia use visual cues (including size, movement and color pattern) to assess whether snake-shaped objects are potential sexual partners. Skin lipids (pheromones) are important only after the male comes into physical contact with the stimulus. Visual cues provide unreliable information about potential mates, and function over short distances only (generally, <1 m). In consequence, mate-searching male snakes frequently failed to find nearby females, rarely managed to maintain contact with females they did find, and wasted time and energy investigating inappropriate stimuli (e.g. fishes, sea cucumbers, divers). The loss of effective pheromonal mate-location systems means that mate recognition by aquatic snakes functions over smaller distances than in their terrestrial relatives. Phylogenetic transitions among habitat types thus may directly modify central features of the mating system.     

基于物联网的起重机智能作业管理系统设计与实现

采用物联网技术,设计一种由主控机PC、无线射频模块和读卡器模块等部分组成的起重机作业管理系统,实现人机互认及作业记录管理。详细介绍了系统硬件结构设计原理及实现方法,给出了作业管理系统软件设计。实际调试表明：该系统能够实现对作业人员身份的识别和起重机作业记录管理等功能,且具有数据传输有效距离远、移动性强、安装简单和扩展性好等特点。