邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯对蚕豆根尖微核及幼苗超氧化物歧化酶的影响

为了初步探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)对植物的毒害作用,采用不同浓度的DEHP溶液对蚕豆根部进行处理(终含量0、0.2、2、20、200mg·kg-(1细沙)),检测根尖微核率和对幼苗茎、叶SOD活性的影响.结果表明:对蚕豆根尖进行短期(6h)处理后,各DEHP处理组微核率随DEHP含量的升高呈显著上升趋势(与对照比较,p<0.05或p<0.01).处理7d后,随DEHP含量的升高(0～20mg·kg-(1细沙)),蚕豆幼苗茎、叶SOD活性均呈逐渐升高趋势;DEHP含量在20～200mg·kg-(1细沙)时,SOD活性均略有下降.以上结果表明DEHP对蚕豆种子具有遗传毒性,且能够对蚕豆幼苗产生氧化损伤.     

新型Fe3O4@α-MnO2活化过一硫酸盐降解水中偶氮染料

采用两步水热法制备了新型磁性纳米Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂复合材料作为催化剂,用于活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5（RBK5）.采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）,X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对制备的催化剂进行表征,证明成功合成了纳米α-MnO₂包覆Fe₃O₄形态的Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂催化剂,催化剂的饱和磁化强度为39.89emu/g.Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂催化剂活化PMS与单一的Fe₃O₄和α-MnO₂活化PMS相比,具有更高的催化效率,说明铁锰双金属存在协同作用.同时研究了催化剂的投加量、PMS的浓度和初始pH值等各种因素对RBK5的降解效率以及反应动力学的影响.实验结果表明,Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂催化剂活化PMS降解RBK5的过程符合准一级反应动力学,在催化剂投加量为1.2g/L,PMS的浓度为4mmol/L,初始pH值为7.0,反应时间为60min的情况下,浓度为30mg/L的RBK5的降解效率可达到91%,此时RBK5的降解速率常数也达到最高值0.023min^-1.此外,通过加入自由基淬灭剂甲醇、叔丁醇和硝基苯判断了Fe₃O₄@α-MnO₂/PMS体系中起主要氧化降解作用的活性物种为SO₄^-·.     

Absorption characteristics of new solvent based on a blend of AMP and 1,8-diamino-p-menthane for CO2 absorption

Aqueous 1,8-diamino-p-menthane (KIER-C3) and commercially available amine solutions were tested for CO₂ absorption. A 2-amino- 2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solution with an addition of KIER-C3 showed 9.3% and 31.6% higher absorption rate for CO₂ than the AMP solution with an addition of monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia (NH₃), respectively. The reaction rate constant for CO₂ absorption by the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was determined by the following equation: k_2,AMP/C3 = 7.702×10⁶ exp (-2248.03/T). A CO₂ loading ratio of the AMP/KIER-C3 solution was also 2 and 3.4-times higher than that of the AMP/NH3 solution and the AMP/MEA solution, respectively. Based on the experimental results, KIER-C3 may be used as an excellent additive to increase CO₂ absorption capability of AMP.     

磷酸活化-微波热解改性污泥对镉的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,利用磷酸活化-微波热解制取改性污泥。以此污泥作为吸附剂,对含Cd2+废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液反应时间、Cd2+浓度、pH值和吸附剂用量对镉吸附去除效果的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了改性污泥吸附剂吸附Cd2+的动力学方程。实验结果表明,改性污泥对Cd2+有良好的吸附性能,吸附最佳pH值为6.0,吸附较好地符合一级动力学吸附模型和Langmuir-Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附为物理吸附,吸附反应发生12 h后达到吸附平衡。     

Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth by TiO2 nanoparticles

• The rice growth was promoted by nano-TiO₂ of 0.1–100 mg/L. • Nano-TiO₂ enhanced the energy storage in photosynthesis. • Nano-TiO₂ reduced energy consumption in carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO₂), as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst, has been widely applied in modern industry, thus inevitably discharged into environment. We proposed that nano-TiO₂ in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance, therefore, we investigated the effects of nano-TiO₂ exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Results showed that rice biomass was increased >30% at every applied dosage (0.1–100 mg/L) of nano-TiO₂. The actual photosynthetic rate (Y(II)) significantly increased by 10.0% and 17.2% in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively, indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis. Besides, non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)) significantly decreased by 19.8%–26.0% of the control in all treatments respectively, representing a decline in heat dissipation. Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-talose) to disaccharides (D-cellobiose, and D-lactose) was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle, confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism. All these results elucidated that nano-TiO₂ promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO₂, and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.     

北京雾霾天气生物气溶胶浓度和粒径特征

近年来北京雾霾天气频发,空气颗粒物聚集是导致雾霾天气发生的主要原因之一.作为一种重要的空气颗粒物,生物气溶胶对人体健康存在危害.本研究调查了雾霾天气时,生物气溶胶浓度和粒径分布规律;对其同空气质量指数PM2.5(AQI),环境温度和湿度间的Spearman’s相关性进行了研究;分析了冬夏两季重度雾霾天气时,生物气溶胶粒径分布规律.结果表明,生物气溶胶浓度与PM2.5(AQI)呈负相关,与环境温度呈正相关.环境湿度与细菌气溶胶浓度呈负相关而与真菌气溶胶浓度呈正相关.在冬季,最大浓度细菌和真菌气溶胶分别在4.5~7.0μm和2.1~3.3μm粒径范围内检测到,而夏季最高浓度细菌和真菌气溶胶均分布在3.3~4.5μm范围内.本研究结果将为不同雾霾天气下,评价生物气溶胶对人类健康造成的危害提供基础数据.     

TiO2薄膜光催化体系中羟基自由基的水杨酸分子探针法测定

以水杨酸为分子探针物,以分光光度法测定了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化体系中产生的羟基自由基(·OH).结果表明,水杨酸的自然氧化程度较低,可以作为分子探针测定·OH的产生;实验中最佳的光照时间为60min;水杨酸浓度对·OH的测定影响较大,其最佳值为50 mg·L-1;pH值对·OH的测定影响较大,最佳值为6;最佳实验条件下,分析得到·OH的稳态浓度为1.68×10-14 mol·L-1.     

Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 nanoporous molecular sieve: A new and promising adsorbent for preconcentration of lead and copper ions

A rapid method for the extraction and monitoring of nanogram level of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions using uniform silanized mesopor (SBA-15) functionalized with aminobenzenesulfonamide groups and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is presented. Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized according to procedure in the literature and the presence of organic groups in the silica framework was demonstrated by FT-IR spectra. The functionalized product showed the BET surface area 110 m²/g and pore diameter 5.1 nm, based on adsorption-desorption of N₂ at 77 K. The effect of several variables such as (amount of adsorbent, stirring time, pH and presence of other ions in the medium) has been studied. Lead and copper were completely extracted at pH greater than 3 after stirring for 10 min. The maximum capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 191.3 ± 1.4 and 155.0 ± 1.0 μg of lead and copper ions/mg functionalized SBA-15, respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 200. The detection limit of the technique was 3.4 and 0.4 ng/mL for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺, respectively. The applications of this methodology for real samples were examined by various water type, black tea and pepper samples.     

轻型汽油车CH4和N2O排放因子研究

我国的机动车温室气体排放研究多集中于CO2排放,而CH4和N2O排放的相关研究主要是依据欧美开发的模型进行的,缺乏CH4和N2O实车测试的研究.本研究选取22辆轻型汽油车,利用底盘测功机开展了整车台架测试和采样分析,获得了车辆在NEDC工况下的CH4和N2O排放因子.结果表明,国Ⅰ~国Ⅳ阶段轻型汽油车CH4平均排放因子分别为0.048、0.048、0.038和0.028 g·km-1,N2O则分别为0.045、0.039、0.026和0.021 g·km-1.在轻型汽油车单车排放的CO2、CH4和N2O三类温室气体(以CO2当量计)中,CH4和N2O排放的分担率均随排放标准的加严而逐渐降低,其中CH4排放在温室气体排放中不足0.5%,N2O排放分担率在3.03%~6.35%之间.因此,排放标准的加严可以有效减少CH4和N2O的排放,以减缓机动车排放带来的温室效应.     

金刚石膜电极电化学氧化提高废水可生化性的研究

采用掺硼金刚石膜电极(BDD)电化学氧化的方法提高2-氯苯酚废水的可生化性,与钛基钌铱氧化物电极(DSA)进行对比,研究了该方法的机理.结果表明,BDD电极电化学氧化2.0h后,BOD5/CODCr值达到0.42,有效提高了废水的可生化性,而DSA电极电化学氧化2.0h后,BOD5/CODCr值仅为0.24.机理研究表明,由于BDD电极具有高的析氧电位,可产生大量的羟基自由基(×OH),能够使2-氯苯酚的苯环充分开环,形成草酸、顺丁烯二酸等易生化处理的中间产物,从而使可生化性提高;而DSA电极的析氧电位较低,产生羟基自由基的能力较差,不能有效地提高废水的可生化性.