Phytoremediation of Nickel-Contaminated Soils by Brassica Species

Two Brassica species Brassica juncea and Brassica carinata of the Indian mustard, were grown in an artificially Ni-contaminated soil to study the tolerance and Ni accumulation. Chelating agent, EDTA was applied at the rosette stage for enhancing the metal uptake. Nickel concentration over almost double that in control was observed in both the species with Ni contamination along with EDTA application. Specie B. juncea appeared to be slightly more tolerant and higher accumulator of Ni. In agreement with the earlier reports, the translocation of the pollutant metal to the shoot from the root seemed to be restricted in both of Brassica species at higher rate of Ni application plus EDTA. The results of the present study indicated that B. juncea has the potential to be hyperaccumulator of Ni.     

重金属废物稳定化处理技术现状及发展

本文在综述重金属废物的处理技术现状的基础上 ,重点论述了重金属危险废物的药剂稳定化机理和方法 ,提出重金属螯合剂在重金属污染治理中将发挥重要作用。     

Pd/MCM-41催化水溶液中碘苯Ullmann反应的研究

以水溶剂中Ullmann反应为目标反应,设计具有纳米介孔结构的Pd/MCM-41作为其高效催化剂.与传统SiO2载体负载的Pd催化剂比较,该催化剂在以水为介质的碘苯偶合（Ullmann反应）中显示出优良的催化活性和对联苯的选择性.     

催化湿式氧化农药废水及催化剂的研究

通过浸渍法制备了4种氧化物为主活性组分的负载固定型催化剂,用于过氧化氢催化湿式氧化(CWHPO)处理有机农药废水。用实验确定了催化湿式氧化的条件,不同催化剂处理效果的比较表明,四元组合MnO2CuOCeO2CoO催化剂性能较好,当反应在常温常压下,维持pH=7～9,反应时间为40min时,COD的去除率大于80%,色度去除率大于90%。     

基于纳米TiO2添加的新型航空涂料性能研究

目的解决纳米TiO_2在涂料中的团聚问题,同时实现增强涂层防腐蚀、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能。方法以氯醚树脂为航空涂料的主要成膜物质,以经氟硅烷改性后的金红石型纳米TiO_2颗粒为主要吸光剂和疏水剂,配合其他合适填料和颜料制备一种新型航空涂料,通过拉拔法、硬度测试法、电化学极化曲线法、接触角测试法和人工紫外加速老化等测试手段分别对涂层的力学性能、电化学性能、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能进行研究。结果改性后的金红石型纳米TiO_2颗粒的分散性及与氯醚树脂的相容性得到改善。当添加量为2%~3%时,涂层腐蚀防护性能、表面疏水性、耐紫外老化性能达到最佳,附着力、硬度等力学性能达到航空涂料的基本使用要求。结论该涂料有效地解决了纳米TiO_2在涂料中的团聚问题,提高了涂层的防腐蚀、疏水性能和耐紫外老化性能。     

纳米级Pd/Fe-MWCNTs-Fe3O4体系对2,3-DCB的降解研究

为有效抑制纳米级Pd/Fe颗粒的团聚和钝化及改善磁分离效果,以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和磁性纳米级Fe_3O_4颗粒为载体,在超声波辐照下利用液相还原法制备纳米级Pd/Fe-MWCNTs-Fe_3O_4颗粒,并采用XRD、TEM、SEM、EDX及BET表征其物性,最后以2,3-二氯联苯(2,3-DCB)为目标污染物,探究其对2,3-DCB还原脱氯的影响因素、降解机理和动力学.结果表明:制备的纳米级颗粒粒径均匀、分散性好、比表面积大;体系中纳米级Pd/Fe投加量、钯化率、纳米级Fe_3O_4投加量、MWCNTs投加量、反应温度、溶液初始pH及共存阴离子均会对2,3-DCB的降解效果产生明显影响;本研究推测出纳米级Pd/Fe-MWCNTs-Fe_3O_4体系对2,3-DCB的降解机理,发现其降解符合拟一级动力学关系.     

Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in neutral aqueous solution on palladium/foam-nickel and palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel electrodes

Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in neutral aqueous solution was investigated using palladium-loaded electrodes at ambient temperature. Palladium/foam-nickel （Pd/foam-Ni） and palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel （Pd/PPy/foam-Ni） composite electrodes which provided catalytic surface for reductive dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution were prepared using an electrodepositing method. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） micrographs showed that polymeric pyrrole film modified the electrode-surface characteristics and resulted in the uniform dispersion of needle-shaped palladium particles on foam-Ni supporting electrode. The experimental results of dechlorination indicated that the removal efficiency of chloroform and current efficiency in neutral aqueous solution on Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode could be up to 36.8% and 33.0% at dechlorination current of 0.1 mA and dechlorination time of 180 min, which is much higher than that of Pd/foam-Ni electrode.     

Dechlorination of disinfection by-product monochloroacetic acid in drinking water by nanoscale palladized iron bimetallic particle

Nanoscale palladized iron(Pd/Fe)bimetallic particles were prepared by reductive deposition method.The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-nitrogen(BET-N_2)method.Data obtained from those methods indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles containedα-Fe~0.Detected Pd to Fe ratio by weight(Pd/Fe ratio)was close to theoretical value. Spherical granules with di...     

多功能富氧净水器在养殖领域的研究与应用

多功能富氧净水器的研究,采用聚丙烯微孔滤膜、复合活性炭纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及复合炭粒作为过滤吸附材料,并采用三碘树脂杀菌剂和载银活性炭复合杀菌剂进行灭菌,应用"综合过滤渗透法"的机理,将净化、矿化、灭菌、增氧等有机结合并进行反复的研究和试验,有效去除了水中微生物、污染物,降低化学需氧量和水的硬度,达到净化水质,增加水中溶解氧等预期效果,成功的应用在水产养殖等领域。     

螯合剂在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的应用

向土壤中添加螯合剂促进植物对重金属的吸收是目前一项比较有发展前景的土壤修复技术。本文通过对植物修复技术的机理和特点,即对超累积植物对重金属的富集机理及植物修复技术的局限性的讨论,介绍了螯合剂在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的应用,其中详细介绍了螯合剂强化植物修复技术的机理、螯舍剂的使用方式,以及它的外部影响条件。最后对螯合剂在植物修复重金属污染土壤应用中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对未来螯合刺在该领域的研究重点进行了展望。